Alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

ALA compared with placebo may have little or no effect on impairment measured by the Neuropathy Impairment Score-Lower Limbs (NIS-LL; lower score is better) after six months (MD -1.02 points, 95% CI -2.93 to 0.89; 1 study, 245 participants; low-certainty evidence).


Oral Alpha Lipoic Acid Treatment for Symptomatic Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Study.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was used in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) using different routes, doses and treatment durations.


Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of a combination of alpha-lipoic acid and pregabalin for neuropathic pain: the PAIN-CARE trial.

This trial demonstrates superiority of pregabalin vs ALA but provides no evidence to suggest added benefit of combining ALA with pregabalin to treat neuropathic pain.


Efficacy of Zinc Supplementation in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Meta-regression indicated that longer treatment durations (≥8 weeks) were associated with greater pain reduction (p = 0.003).

unfavorable-cue: "associated with greater"


Time-dependent efficacy of zinc supplements in preventing oral mucositis after chemoradiotherapy: a meta-analysis.

Additionally, zinc supplementation offers certain benefits in alleviating oral pain and xerostomia.


Effect of l-Carnitine Supplementation on Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

In patients with OA, l-carnitine effectively decreases clinical signs and symptoms, inflammatory markers, pain, and stiffness indicators, and significantly improves WOMAC and VAS scores.


Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials.

PEA was found to reduce pain scores relative to comparators in a pooled estimate, with a standard mean difference of 1.68 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.31, p = 0.00001).


Extended Treatment with Micron-Size Oral Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

These two obtained scores corresponded to a 35.1% pain intensity reduction within the first month, followed by a further 35.4% during the second month.


Meta-Analysis of Palmitoylethanolamide in Pain Management: Addressing Literature Gaps and Enhancing Understanding.

This meta-analysis confirmed that PEA effectively reduces pain and enhances quality of life, with significant benefits observed within 4-6 weeks of treatment.


Effectiveness of Boswellia and Boswellia extract for osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Compared with the control group, Boswellia and its extract may relieve the pain [VAS: (WMD -8.33; 95% CI -11.19, - 5.46; P<0.00001); WOMAC pain: (WMD -14.22; 95% CI -22.34, - 6.09; P = 0.


Efficacy of Extracts of Oleogum Resin of Boswellia in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) has recently been ranked as the 11th highest contributor to global disability.


A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.

The findings provide evidence that biologically active constituents of BSE, namely, AKBBA and BBA, act synergistically to exert anti-inflammatory/anti-arthritic activity showing improvement in physical and functional ability and reducing the pain and stiffness.


Methylsulfonylmethane Improves Knee Quality of Life in Participants with Mild Knee Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

This study indicated that MSM oral consumption improved both knee and systemic health conditions in healthy participants who experienced mild pain in the knee joint.


Insights into the therapeutic strategies for aging and aging-associated diseases

Comprehensive review of aging therapeutic strategies including senolytics (fisetin, quercetin, dasatinib), senomorphics (rapamycin), senoreversion, epigenetic reprogramming, caloric restriction mimetics (spermidine, NMN, resveratrol), and precision longevity medicine.


Effects of Gabapentin and Pregabalin on Calcium Homeostasis: Implications for Physical Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Tissues

Gabapentinoids block α2δ1 calcium channel subunits critical for bone formation, muscle maintenance, and cartilage repair; long-term use may impair musculoskeletal health.


Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

A 2026 map of the longevity-therapeutics field: senolytics, senomorphics, senoreversion and caloric-restriction mimetics are the leading strategies, with AI accelerating discovery — but human proof remains the gating step.

Which therapeutic strategies can slow biological aging and reduce the burden of age-related diseases — and how close are they to the clinic?

Hypothesis: Interventions that target the core hallmarks of aging — cellular senescence, metabolic dysfunction, epigenetic alterations and mitochondrial impairment — can delay aging and lower disease risk, moving medicine toward 'precision longevity.'

A comprehensive review systematically summarizing current breakthroughs, clinical landscapes and future directions across the major classes of aging therapeutics, alongside the emerging role of artificial intelligence in discovery.

The authors group emerging interventions into three senescence-focused strategies — senolytics that eliminate senescent cells (e.g., dasatinib + quercetin), senomorphics that suppress the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (e.g., rapamycin), and senoreversion that rejuvenates cells via epigenetic reprogramming — plus metabolic approaches such as caloric-restriction mimetics (spermidine, α-ketoglutarate, ergothioneine) that enhance mitochondrial function, activate autophagy and extend lifespan and healthspan in preclinical models. AI is highlighted for integrating multiomics data, predicting candidate compounds, identifying biomarkers and personalizing interventions.

Targeting aging hallmarks holds real promise for delaying aging and alleviating age-related pathology, and the convergence of AI, multitarget strategies and precision medicine signals a transformative era for extending healthspan.

This is a review of largely preclinical evidence. Key challenges remain in target specificity, off-target effects and clinical translation — most interventions are not yet proven to extend healthy lifespan in humans.


Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.

Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, assessed by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and skeletal muscle insulin signaling [phosphorylation of protein kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)] increased after NMN supplementation but did not change after placebo treatment.


Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men.

There were nominally significant improvements in gait speed and performance in the left grip test, which should be validated in larger studies; however, NMN exerted no significant effect on body composition.

no-difference-cue: "no significant effect" | favorable-cue: "improvements"


Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study.

NMN increases the aerobic capacity of humans during exercise training

favorable-cue: "increases the aerobic capacity"


Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study.

At secondary outcomes, after 12 weeks of NMN intake, the NMN group had a significantly shorter 4-m walking time than the placebo group as well as significantly higher blood levels of NAD + and its metabolites.


Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.

Overall, NMN intake in the afternoon effectively improved lower limb function and reduced drowsiness in older adults. These findings suggest the potential of NMN in preventing loss of physical performance and improving fatigue in older adults.


Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Augmentation in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Physiologic Study.

MIB-626 administration in overweight or obese, middle-aged and older adults safely increased circulating NAD levels, and significantly reduced total LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure.

favorable-cue: "significantly reduced total ldl"


Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide on older patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance: A prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

In older male patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance, NMN supplementation for 24 weeks was safe, but did not improve grip strength and walking speed.

unfavorable-cue: "impaired" | no-difference-cue: "did not improve"


Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women.

Our results indicate that β-NMN is safe and well-tolerated in healthy adult men and women an oral dose of 1250 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks.


Low-dose oral nicotinamide mononucleotide for immune thrombocytopenia: a phase 1/2 trial.

Among 25 enrolled patients, no dose-limiting toxicities or treatment-related serious adverse events occurred; NMN was well tolerated, with only mild treatment-related adverse events in 12% and non-severe infections (grade 1) in 8% of patients


Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Based on the small number of RCTs involving mainly relatively healthy adults, short-term supplementation of NMN of 250-2000 mg/d did not show significantly positive impacts on glucose control and lipid profile.


Efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials.

Together, our findings suggest that an exaggeration of the benefits of NMN supplementation may exist in the field.


Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Compared with the placebo, NMN supplementation was associated with a statistically significant but modest reduction in resting DBP (WMD, -2.15 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.68 to -0.61). In contrast, the reduction in resting SBP was not statistically significant.


The Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Riboside on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Current evidence does not support NMN and NR supplementation for preserving muscle mass and function in adults with mean age of over 60 years.


Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Muscle and Liver Functions Among the Middle-aged and Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

NMN has positive efficacy in enhancing muscle function, reducing insulin resistance and lowering aminotransferase levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals.


CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN);Apigenin Capsules

Here we demonstrate that expression and activity of the NADase CD38 increase with aging and that CD38 is required for the age-related NAD decline and mitochondrial dysfunction via a pathway mediated at least in part by regulation of SIRT3 activity.


Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reverses the Declining Quality of Maternally Aged Oocytes.

in vivo supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) efficaciously improves the quality of oocytes from naturally aged mice by recovering nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels.


Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product - Promises and safety concerns.

As there is a large influx of NMN based anti-aging products on the market, proper clinical investigations are urgently needed to find out the effectiveness and safety of NMN supplementation.


Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

Supplementation with these compounds is safe, tolerable, and can increase the abundance of NAD+ and related metabolites in multiple tissues. Dosing regimens and study durations vary greatly across interventions, and small sample sizes limit data interpretation of physiological outcomes.


Effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans: a meta-analysis.

supplementation with NAD+ precursors improved TG, TC, LDL, and HDL levels in humans, but resulted in hyperglycemia, compared with placebo or no treatment.


Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men.

The single oral administration of NMN was safe and effectively metabolized in healthy men without causing any significant deleterious effects.


Association between blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and blood laboratory parameters at baseline and after nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in middle-aged healthy individuals: post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

NMN-induced increases in blood NAD are associated with an increase in RBC parameters, potentially indicating enhanced oxygen-carrying capacity.


Sustained Cerebrovascular and Cognitive Benefits of Resveratrol in Postmenopausal Women.

This long-term study confirms that regular consumption of resveratrol can enhance cognitive and cerebrovascular functions in postmenopausal women, with the potential to slow cognitive decline due to ageing and menopause.


Effect of resveratrol supplementation on cognitive performance and mood in adults: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The results of this review indicate that resveratrol supplementation might improve select measures of cognitive performance; however, the current literature is inconsistent and limited.


The effects of chronic trans-resveratrol supplementation on aspects of cognitive function, mood, sleep, health and cerebral blood flow in healthy, young humans.

These results confirm the acute CBF effects of resveratrol and the lack of interpretable cognitive effects.


Chronic resveratrol consumption improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy obese adults.

Chronic resveratrol supplementation for 6 weeks was well tolerated and resulted in a 23% increase in FMD compared with placebo (P=0.021, paired t-test).


Resveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The meta-analysis results showed that resveratrol significantly change the concentrations of FMD (WMD: 1.43%; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.88, p < .001) and ICAM-1 (WMD: -7.09 ng/ml, 95% CI: -7.45 to -6.73, p < .001).


Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Subgroup analyses indicated that higher-dose of resveratrol consumption (≥ 150 mg/d) significantly reduces SBP of -11.90 mmHg (95% CI: -20.99, -2.81 mmHg, P = 0.01), whereas lower dose of resveratrol did not show a significant lowering effect on SBP.


Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled, clinical trials.

The favourable effect of resveratrol emerging from the current meta-analysis suggests the possible use of this nutraceutical as active compound in order to promote cardiovascular health, mostly when used in high daily dose (≥300 mg/day) and in diabetic patients.


A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Markers of Renal Function and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Hypoglycemic Therapy.

In all, resveratrol supplementation in hypoglycemic therapy improves glucose control and lowers blood pressure; however, additional evidence is necessary to confirm its effect on renal function in patients with T2D.


Lack of efficacy of resveratrol on C-reactive protein and selected cardiovascular risk factors--Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This meta-analysis of available RCTs does not suggest any benefit of resveratrol supplementation on CV risk factors. Larger, well-designed trials are necessary to confirm these results.


Effects of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysis showed that resveratrol significantly improved the fasting plasma glucose ( -0.29 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.51, -0.06,< 0.01) and insulin levels (-0.64 U/mL, 95% CI: -0.95, -0.32,< 0.0001).


Role of resveratrol supplementation in regulation of glucose hemostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Resveratrol supplementation contributes in improvement of glycemic control by reducing insulin resistance. It has significant beneficial impact on chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and associated microRNA expression in diabetic patients.


Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Available evidence from RCTs suggests that resveratrol supplementation significantly reduced TNF-α and hs-CRP levels. Significant improvement in inflammatory markers support resveratrol as an adjunct to pharmacologic management of metabolic diseases.


Effects of resveratrol supplementation on risk factors of non-communicable diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The present study provides substantial evidence that resveratrol supplementation has favorable effects on several risk factors of NCDs.


Resveratrol supplementation significantly influences obesity measures: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Taken together, the data suggest that resveratrol supplementation has beneficial effects to reduce BW, BMI and WC, but not FM.


The effect of resveratrol supplementation on biomarkers of liver health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

We found resveratrol did not have a significant effect on liver health in the general population. However, resveratrol could be effective in patients with liver disorders. Our findings also suggest that high-dose resveratrol administration and supplementation in older adults should be performed with caution.


Effects of resveratrol supplementation on bone quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Resveratrol supplementation did not show any significant effect on BMD or serum bone markers with the current evidence. Further investigation with more well-organized multicentre randomized trial is warranted.


Effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on aging and longevity.

Resveratrol and pterostilbene, the polyphenol found in grape and blueberries, have beneficial effects as anti-aging compounds through modulating the hallmarks of aging, including oxidative damage, inflammation, telomere attrition and cell senescence.


Autophagy and aging.

Pharmacological or genetic manipulations that increase life span in model organisms often stimulate autophagy, and its inhibition compromises the longevity-promoting effects of caloric restriction, Sirtuin 1 activation, inhibition of insulin/insulin growth factor signaling, or the administration of rapamycin, resveratrol, or spermidine.


The effect of spermidine on memory performance in older adults at risk for dementia: A randomized controlled trial.

In this pilot trial, nutritional spermidine was associated with a positive impact on memory performance in older adults with subject cognitive decline.


The positive effect of spermidine in older adults suffering from dementia: First results of a 3-month trial.

The results demonstrated a clear correlation between the intake of spermidine and the improvement in cognitive performance in subjects with mild and moderate dementia in the group treated with the higher spermidine dosage.


Safety and tolerability of spermidine supplementation in mice and older adults with subjective cognitive decline.

The data demonstrate that spermidine supplementation using a spermidine-rich plant extract is safe and well-tolerated in mice and older adults.


Spermidine Mitigates Immune Cell Senescence and Boosts Vaccine Responses in Healthy Older Adults-A Pilot Study.

Spermidine reversed these features and significantly enhanced spike-specific IgG secretion, memory B cell recall responses and neutralising antibody activity, specifically in non-responders.


Human Supplementation with AM3, Spermidine, and Hesperidin Enhances Immune Function, Decreases Biological Age, and Improves Oxidative-Inflammatory State: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

the intake of this blend improves the immune functions that constitute the Immunity Clock, decreasing BA by 11 years and reducing the oxidative-inflammatory state of the participants.


High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study.

Compared with a placebo, spermidine supplementation significantly increased spermine levels in the plasma, but it did not affect spermidine or putrescine levels.


Dietary polyamine intake and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

No positive association between dietary polyamines and CRC or CRC-specific mortality risk in women was observed. Instead, a protective effect of dietary polyamines was suggested in women with some CRC risk-lowering behaviors in particular.


Dietary polyamine intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japanese adults in the Takayama study.

The intake of any polyamine was not significantly associated with all-cause or cause-specific mortality after controlling for covariates in men and women.

no-difference-cue: "was not significantly associated"


The Association of Dietary Polyamines with Mortality and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Study in UK Biobank.

We found that dietary polyamines intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality or incident CVD. Furthermore, our study identified an optimal range of dietary polyamines intake.

favorable-cue: "associated with a lower"


The association of dietary spermidine with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003 to 2014.

compared with participants in the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile of total SPD had a significantly lower risk of CVD mortality (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.91) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.82)

favorable-cue: "significantly lower risk"


Spermidine in dementia: Relation to age and memory performance.

The results showed a significant correlation between the spermidine concentration and the mini-mental state examination score (p = 0.025).


Dietary spermidine for lowering high blood pressure.

In humans, high dietary spermidine intake correlates with reduced blood pressure and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and related death.


Spermidine: a physiological autophagy inducer acting as an anti-aging vitamin in humans?

External supplementation of spermidine extends lifespan and health span across species, including in yeast, nematodes, flies and mice. In humans, spermidine levels decline with aging, and a possible connection between reduced endogenous spermidine concentrations and age-related deterioration has been suggested.


Nutritional Aspects of Spermidine.

Increased polyamine levels, including through enhanced dietary intake, have been consistently linked to improved health and reduced overall mortality. In preclinical models, dietary supplementation with spermidine prolongs life span and health span.


Molecular basis of the 'anti-aging' effect of spermidine and other natural polyamines - a mini-review.

Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, has recently emerged as exhibiting anti-aging properties. Its supplementation increases lifespan and resistance to stress, and decreases the occurrence of age-related pathology and loss of locomotor ability.


Spermidine-induced hypusination preserves mitochondrial and cognitive function during aging.

externally supplied spermidine (via drinking water or food) prolongs lifespan, activates autophagy, improves mitochondrial function, and refills polyamine pools that decline during aging in various tissues of model organisms, including mice.


The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Analysis of berberine applied alone or with standard diabetic therapies versus the control group revealed significant reductions in HbA1c (MD = -0.73; 95% CI (-0.97, -0.51)), FPG (MD = -0.86, 95% CI (-1.10, -0.62)), and 2hPG (MD = -1.26, 95% CI (-1.64, -0.89)).


Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study.

Probiotics, synbiotics, and BBR provide statistically significant but clinically modest improvements in glycemic control. These findings support their use as adjunctive, rather than primary, therapeutic options and highlight the need for larger and longer trials with standardized interventions.


Berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Berberine appeared to be efficacious for treating hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia in T2DM. However, the evidence of berberine for treating T2DM should be carefully interpreted due to the low methodological quality, small sample size, limited number of trials, and unidentified risks of bias.


Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension.

This study indicates that berberine has comparable therapeutic effect on type 2 DM, hyperlipidemia and hypertension with no serious side effect.


Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Berberine produces small reductions in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B, with potential sex-specific effects on HDL cholesterol. Large-scale trials that consider sex disparity and assess clinical outcomes are required.


Efficacy and safety of berberine for dyslipidaemias: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Berberine improves lipid profiles in dyslipidaemias with satisfactory safety. Nevertheless, these findings should be interpreted with caution because of the high clinical heterogeneity and high risk of bias in the included trials.


The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

In conclusion, berberine may have beneficial effects in the control of blood lipid levels. However, the efficacy of berberine in treating hyperlipidemia should be further evaluated by more randomized controlled trials in a larger population of patients.


Efficacy and Safety of Berberine Alone or Combined with Statins for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

This study suggests that berberine is effective for hyperlipidemia. The quality and quantity of included studies, however, were dissatisfactory, which might decrease the reliability of the results.


Efficacy and safety of berberine for several cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This study suggests that berberine may be a promising alternative for CVDs with no serious adverse reactions. However, our results may be limited by the quality of existing research.


Metabolic effect of berberine-silymarin association: A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.

The present findings suggest that the coadministration of berberine and silymarin is associated with an advantageous improvement in lipid and glucose profile, suggesting the possible use of this nutraceutical combination in order to promote the cardiometabolic health.


Effects of a nutraceutical combination containing berberine (BRB), policosanol, and red yeast rice (RYR), on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic patients: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

This meta-analysis confirms that the nutraceutical combination containing berberine, policosanol, and red yeast rice has shown to be an effective product for the improvement of the lipid profile.


The effect of berberine supplementation on obesity parameters, inflammation and liver function enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Berberine treatment moderately but significantly decreased body weight (WMD = -2.07 kg, 95% CI -3.09, -1.05, P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD = -0.47 kg/m, 95% CI -0.70, -0.23, P < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (WMD = -1.08 cm, 95% CI -1.97, -0.19, P = 0.018)


The effects of berberine on inflammatory markers in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Overall, the use of berberine in patients with MetS and related disorders appeared to significantly decrease several inflammatory markers. Further multi-center and rigorous investigations with larger patient populations are encouraged to confirm the effect of berberine on MetS and related disorders.


Therapeutic effect of berberine on metabolic diseases: Both pharmacological data and clinical evidence.

The therapeutic effects of BBR are based on regulating various metabolic aspects and pathophysiological procedures. For example, it can promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, inhibit lipogenesis, alleviate adipose tissue fibrosis, reduce hepatic steatosis, and improve gut microbiota disorders.


Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory tract infection among all participants (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.96; P for heterogeneity <0.001).


Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The summary relative risk for mortality from any cause was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.99).


Vitamin D supplementation and total cancer incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

In an updated meta-analysis of RCTs, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced total cancer mortality but did not reduce total cancer incidence.

no-difference-cue: "did not reduce" | favorable-cue: "significantly reduced total cancer mortality"


Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease.

Supplementation with vitamin D did not result in a lower incidence of invasive cancer or cardiovascular events than placebo.


Principal results of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) and updated meta-analyses of relevant vitamin D trials.

Updated meta-analyses that include VITAL and other recent vitamin D trials indicate a significant reduction in cancer mortality but not in cancer incidence or CVD endpoints.

favorable-cue: "reduction in cancer mortality"


Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial.

Vitamin D supplementation for five years, with or without omega 3 fatty acids, reduced autoimmune disease by 22%, while omega 3 fatty acid supplementation with or without vitamin D reduced the autoimmune disease rate by 15% (not statistically significant).


Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.

Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not prevent fractures or falls, or have clinically meaningful effects on bone mineral density. There were no differences between the effects of higher and lower doses of vitamin D.


Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals.

There is moderate-quality evidence that vitamin D supplementation (4512 participants, 4 studies) probably reduces the rate of falls (RaR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.95; I² = 62%), but probably makes little or no difference to the risk of falling (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.12; I² = 42%). The population included in these studies had low vitamin D levels.

no-difference-cue: "no difference" | favorable-cue: "reduces the rate of falls"


Vitamin D Supplementation and Muscle Power, Strength and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

However, there were no differences in change in leg power, leg or grip strength, SPPB score, TUG, postural sway, or gait velocity and spatiotemporal parameters by intervention group over 12 mo or muscle fiber composition and contractile properties over 4 mo.


Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, or a Strength-Training Exercise Program on Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults: The DO-HEALTH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Among adults without major comorbidities aged 70 years or older, treatment with vitamin D3, omega-3s, or a strength-training exercise program did not result in statistically significant differences in improvement in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, nonvertebral fractures, physical performance, infection rates, or cognitive function.

no-difference-cue: "did not result" | favorable-cue: "improvement"


Vitamin D Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Vitamin D when compared to placebo was associated with the decreased duration of mechanical ventilation (SMD = -0.50; 95% CI = [-0.97, -0.03]; p = 0.04) and ICU stay (SMD = -0.60; 95% CI = [-1.03, -0.16]; p = 0.007) without any difference in the mortality (RR = 0.85; 95% CI = [0.68, 1.04]; p = 0.12)


Bioavailability by design - Vitamin D3 liposomal delivery vehicles.

Vitamin D3 deficiency has serious health consequences, as demonstrated by its effect on severity and recovery after COVID-19 infection.


Alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation and BiologicaL agE in middle-aged adults (ABLE)-intervention study protocol.

ABLE is a double blinded placebo-controlled randomized trial (RCT) of 1 g sustained release Ca-AKG versus placebo for 6 months of intervention and 3 months follow up including 120 40-60-year-old healthy individuals with a higher DNA methylation age compared to their chronological age.


Alpha-Ketoglutarate Ameliorates Synaptic Plasticity Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Our previous research found that dietary supplementation with calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (CaAKG), a calcium derivative of AKG, enhances both lifespan and healthspan in mice.


Intermittent supplementation with fisetin improves arterial function in old mice by decreasing cellular senescence.

All-in-One Longevity Formulation;Fisetin Senolytic Capsules

The findings from this study identify fisetin as promising therapy for clinical translation to target excess cell senescence to treat age-related arterial dysfunction.


Increased cellular senescence in doxorubicin-induced murine ovarian injury: effect of senolytics.

Short-term intervention with the classic senolytic combination dasatinib and quercetin (DQ) or fisetin significantly reduced the load of senescent cells in ovaries after doxorubicin treatment. However, neither DQ nor fisetin alleviated doxorubicin-related ovarian dysfunction.


Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

This study demonstrates that NRPT at the recommended dose is safe and may hold promise in lowering markers of hepatic inflammation in patients with NAFLD.

favorable-cue: "lowering markers of hepatic inflammation"


A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene supplementation in experimental muscle injury in elderly individuals.

Daily supplementation with 1,000 mg NR and 200 mg PT is safe but does not improve recruitment of the MuSC pool or other measures of muscle recovery in response to injury or subsequent regeneration in elderly individuals.


A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue.

It is concluded that repeated administration of R. ROSEA extract SHR-5 exerts an anti-fatigue effect that increases mental performance, particularly the ability to concentrate, and decreases cortisol response to awakening stress in burnout patients with fatigue syndrome.

favorable-cue: "increases mental performance"


Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue--a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty.

These results suggest that RRE can reduce general fatigue under certain stressful conditions.


Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Our findings suggest that L-theanine has the potential to promote mental health in the general population with stress-related ailments and cognitive impairments.


Anti-Stress, Behavioural and Magnetoencephalography Effects of an L-Theanine-Based Nutrient Drink: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.

The primary outcome measure, subjective stress response to a multitasking cognitive stressor, was significantly reduced one hour after administration of the L-theanine drink when compared to placebo.


Human trials exploring anti-aging medicines.

Multiple clinical trials have commenced to evaluate the efficacy of such agents against age-associated diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.


CD38 ecto-enzyme in immune cells is induced during aging and regulates NAD and NMN levels.

Our findings demonstrate that senescence-induced inflammation promotes accumulation of CD38 in immune cells that, through its ecto-enzymatic activity, decreases levels of NMN and NAD.


NAD+ Repletion Rescues Female Fertility during Reproductive Aging.

Here, we show that this loss of oocyte quality with age accompanies declining levels of the prominent metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).


Supplementation with NAD+ Precursors for Treating Alzheimer's Disease: A Metabolic Approach.

Results of preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential benefits of NAD+ precursors for the treatment of AD. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm the increasingly important value of NAD+ precursors as effective pharmacological interventions in the clinic.


Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial.

Targeted Organ-Support Nutrients;Lutein and Zeaxanthin

Addition of lutein + zeaxanthin, DHA + EPA, or both to the AREDS formulation in primary analyses did not further reduce risk of progression to advanced AMD. However, because of potential increased incidence of lung cancer in former smokers, lutein + zeaxanthin could be an appropriate carotenoid substitute in the AREDS formulation.


Improvement of retinal function in early age-related macular degeneration after lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.

Early functional abnormalities of the central retina in the early AMD patients could be improved by lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation. These improvements may be potentially attributed to the elevations in MPOD.


Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2.

Higher dietary intake of multiple nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and carotenoids, is associated with decreased risk of progression to late AMD.

favorable-cue: "associated with decreased"


Effect of Dietary Supplementation With Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and ω-3 on Macular Pigment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Among first-generation offspring of parents with neovascular AMD in the LIMPIA trial, MPOD as measured with the modified HRA and the MPD-Visucam was not modified after 6 months of lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplementation despite plasma levels showing continuous exposure to lutein and zeaxanthin.


Lutein and Zeaxanthin Influence Brain Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

L and Z supplementation appears to benefit neurocognitive function by enhancing cerebral perfusion, even if consumed for a discrete period of time in late life.


The Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Adults With Self-Reported Mild Cognitive Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

The results from this trial suggest that 6-months of supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin may improve visual memory and learning in community-dwelling adults with self-reported cognitive complaints.


Nattokinase atherothrombotic prevention study: A randomized controlled trial.

Results of this trial show that nattokinase supplementation has a null effect on subclinical atherosclerosis progression in healthy individuals at low risk for CVD.


Consumption of nattokinase is associated with reduced blood pressure and von Willebrand factor, a cardiovascular risk marker: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter North American clinical trial.

The data suggest that nattokinase consumption in a North American population is associated with beneficial changes to BP in a hypertensive population, indicating sex-specific mechanisms of action of nattokinase's effect on vWF and hypertension.


Nattospes as Effective and Safe Functional Supplements in Management of Stroke.

This study indicated that Nattospes as nutraceutical supplement can be applied safely and effectively in the management of subacute stage ischemic stroke.


Vinegar consumption can attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses; a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

The findings suggest that vinegar can be effective in reducing postprandial glucose and insulin levels, indicating it could be considered as an adjunctive tool for improving glycemic control.


The effects of SCFAs on glycemic control in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vinegar decreased the glucose response acutely in healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and mixed SCFAs had no effect on blood glucose and insulin in humans.

no-difference-cue: "no effect" | favorable-cue: "decreased the glucose"


Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce specific changes in the human gut microbiota.

Ecosystem-wide analysis of the effect of a dietary intervention with prebiotic inulin-type fructans on the colon microbiota revealed that this effect is specifically associated with three genera


Prebiotic effect of inulin-type fructans on faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Six weeks supplementation with inulin-type fructans had a significant bifidogenic effect and induced increased concentrations of faecal SCFA, without changing faecal microbial diversity.


Inulin-type prebiotics reduce serum uric acid levels via gut microbiota modulation: a randomized, controlled crossover trial in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Inulin-type prebiotics is a promising therapeutic candidate to reduce serum UA levels in renal failure patients, and this urate-lowering effect could possibly be attributed to intestinal microbial degradation of UA.


Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach.

This comprehensive review summarizes the antihypertensive activity of specific flavonoids, including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, troxerutin, apigenin, and chrysin, in L-NAME-induced hypertension models.


Trehalose induces autophagy via lysosomal-mediated TFEB activation in models of motoneuron degeneration.

The natural compound trehalose promotes autophagy via TFEB (transcription factor EB), ameliorating disease phenotype in multiple ND models, but its mechanism is still obscure.


Treatment with Autophagy Inducer Trehalose Alleviates Memory and Behavioral Impairments and Neuroinflammatory Brain Processes in db/db Mice.

Trehalose caused a slight reduction in increased blood glucose concentration, considerable autophagy activation, and a decrease in the neuroinflammatory response in the brain along with improvements of exploration, locomotor activity, anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and fear learning and memory in db/db mice.


MIB-626, an Oral Formulation of a Microcrystalline Unique Polymorph of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Increases Circulating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and its Metabolome in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

MIB-626 1 000 mg once-daily or twice-daily regimens were safe and associated with substantial dose-related increases in blood NAD levels and its metabolome.


Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial.

Polyphenol Antioxidant Blend;Cocoa Flavanol Extract

Cocoa extract supplementation did not significantly reduce total cardiovascular events among older adults but reduced CVD death by 27%.

no-difference-cue: "did not significantly reduce"


Dietary flavanols restore hippocampal-dependent memory in older adults with lower diet quality and lower habitual flavanol consumption.

the flavanol intervention restored memory among participants in lower tertiles of habitual diet quality or habitual flavanol consumption.


The effect of a high-polyphenol Mediterranean diet (Green-MED) combined with physical activity on age-related brain atrophy: the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial Polyphenols Unprocessed Study (DIRECT PLUS).

A Green-MED (high-polyphenol) diet, rich in Mankai, green tea, and walnuts and low in red/processed meat, is potentially neuroprotective for age-related brain atrophy.


High concentrations of a urinary biomarker of polyphenol intake are associated with decreased mortality in older adults.

TUP is an independent risk factor for mortality among community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that high dietary intake of polyphenols may be associated with longevity.


Flavonoid intake is associated with lower mortality in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Cohort.

A moderate habitual intake of flavonoids is inversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular- and cancer-related mortality. This strong association plateaus at intakes of approximately 500 mg/day.


Reduced mortality risk by a polyphenol-rich diet: An analysis from the Moli-sani study.

The polyphenol content of the diet was associated with reduced mortality risk in a Mediterranean population, possibly through an antiinflammatory mechanism.

favorable-cue: "associated with reduced"


Dietary polyphenols as geroprotective compounds: From Blue Zones to hallmarks of ageing.

A significant body of evidence suggests that polyphenols, a large family of compounds ubiquitously found in plant-based foods, may exhibit geroprotective activity by influencing underlying biological mechanisms of ageing and promoting optimal longevity.


Hormetic Effects of Phytochemicals on Health and Longevity.

Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids found in plants and fungi activate the same cellular processes as caloric restriction, fasting, and exercise.


Effect of Resveratrol on Endothelial Function in Patients with CKD and Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Resveratrol supplementation improved endothelial function in patients with CKD and diabetes.


Effect of resveratrol supplementation on hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular indices in overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Resveratrol supplementation had no effect on hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular indices.


Sex May Modulate the Effects of Combined Polyphenol Extract and L-citrulline Supplementation on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adults with Prehypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

supplementation with polyphenol extract and L-citrulline for 6 weeks has no impact on ambulatory BP, blood lipids and CRP in adults with prehypertension. However, the polyphenol extract/L-citrulline supplement may reduce ambulatory SBP in women, but not in men.


Minor effects of green tea catechin supplementation on cardiovascular risk markers in active older people: a randomized controlled trial.

the present randomized control trial suggests that GTC supplementation in active older participants did not significantly affect cardiovascular risk markers.

no-difference-cue: "did not significantly affect"


Polyphenols and Their Impact on the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development.

Dietary supplementation with neuroprotective plant-derived polyphenols might be considered an important element of healthy aging. Some polyphenols improve cognition, mood, visual functions, language, and verbal memory functions.


Diet, nutrition and the ageing brain: current evidence and new directions.

Specific dietary components have also been investigated in relation to brain health, with emerging evidence supporting protective roles for n-3 PUFA, polyphenols, vitamin D and B-vitamins.


The role of curcumin in aging and senescence: Molecular mechanisms.

curcumin and its metabolites, prolong the mean lifespan of some aging model organisms such as C. elegans, D. melanogaster, yeast, and mouse.


Pre-diagnostic polyphenol intake and breast cancer survival: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Intake of lignans before breast cancer diagnosis may be related to improved survival among postmenopausal women, but may on the contrary worsen the survival for premenopausal women.

unfavorable-cue: "worsen" | favorable-cue: "improved"


Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione.

At 6 months, mean GSH levels increased 30-35 % in erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes and 260 % in buccal cells in the high-dose group (P < 0.05).


Effects of N-acetylcysteine, oral glutathione (GSH) and a novel sublingual form of GSH on oxidative stress markers: A comparative crossover study.

Compared to oral GSH group, an increase of total and reduced GSH levels in plasma and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003) was observed in sublingual GSH group.


Formulation-dependent differences in systemic glutathione availability: Comparative pharmacokinetics of orally dissolving film and tablet formulations in healthy adults.

During 4-week supplementation, both formulations increased circulating glutathione levels, with no significant changes in oxidative stress-related biomarkers.

no-difference-cue: "no significant changes" | favorable-cue: "increased circulating glutathione"


Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

We report that L-GSH supplementation for 3 months in people with T2DM was able to reduce the levels of oxidative stress in all blood components and prevent depletion of glutathione (GSH) in this population known to be GSH deficient.


A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Older Adults to Determine Efficacy of Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on Glutathione Redox Status and Oxidative Damage.

Glutathione;GlyNAC (Glycine + N-Acetylcysteine)

In summary GlyNAC supplementation is safe, well tolerated, and may increase glutathione levels in older adults with high glutathione demand.


GlyNAC Supplementation Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Aging Hallmarks, Metabolic Defects, Muscle Strength, Cognitive Decline, and Body Composition: Implications for Healthy Aging.

Glutathione;Glycine Powder;GlyNAC (Glycine + N-Acetylcysteine)

It is particularly exciting that GlyNAC supplementation appears to reverse multiple aging hallmarks, and if confirmed in a randomized clinical trial, it could introduce a transformative paradigm shift in aging and geriatrics.


The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: A systematic review.

Current evidence of the skin whitening effect of glutathione is still inconclusive due to the quality of included studies and inconsistent findings. However, there is a trend that glutathione might brighten skin color at skin-exposed area.


The effects of the oral supplementation of L-Cystine associated with reduced L-Glutathione-GSH on human skin pigmentation: a randomized, double-blinded, benchmark- and placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The daily oral administration of 500 mg L-Cystine and 250 mg L-Glutathione during 12 weeks was a safe treatment to effectively lighten the skin and reduce the size of facial dark spots of Asian women.


N-Acetyl Cysteine Is Associated With Dopaminergic Improvement in Parkinson's Disease.

In the NAC group, significantly increased DAT binding was found in the caudate and putamen (mean increase from 3.4% to 8.3%) compared with controls (P < 0.05), along with significantly improved PD symptoms (P < 0.0001).


The Multifaceted Therapeutic Role of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in Disorders Characterized by Oxidative Stress.

The sulfhydryl-containing tripeptide glutathione (GSH), which is synthesized and maintained at high concentrations in all cells, is one of the mechanisms by which cells protect themselves from oxidative stress.


Nebulized Glutathione as a Key Antioxidant for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Conditions.

Its potent antioxidant properties, particularly attributed to the sulfhydryl group (-SH) in cysteine, are crucial for cellular health across various organelles.


Sex Differences in Response to Diet Enriched With Glutathione Precursors in the Aging Heart.

Cardiac diastolic function was modestly improved in males but not females, and surprisingly GlyNAC-fed female mice showed a decline in exercise performance.


Effect of HEPA Filtration Air Purifiers on Blood Pressure: A Pragmatic Randomized Crossover Trial.

The net result was a significant 3.0-mm Hg mean difference in favor of HEPA filtration (P = 0.04). There was no significant benefit on diastolic BP or for participants with normal SBP (<120 mm Hg).

no-difference-cue: "no significant benefit"


Effectiveness of indoor air purification intervention in improving cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly reduced after intervention (-2.28 (95% CI: -3.92, -0.64) mmHg).

favorable-cue: "systolic blood pressure (sbp) was significantly reduced"


Effects of Home Particulate Air Filtration on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review.

Over a median 13.5 days, there was a significant reduction of mean systolic BP by ≈4 mm Hg (-3.94 mm Hg [95% CI, -7.00 to -0.89];=0.01) but a nonsignificant difference in mean diastolic BP (-0.95 mm Hg [95% CI, -2.81 to 0.91];=0.32).


Effect of Portable Air Filtration Systems on Personal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Blood Pressure Among Residents in a Low-Income Senior Facility: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Compared with sham filtration, any filtration for 3 days decreased brachial systolic and diastolic BP by 3.2 mm Hg (95% CI, -6.1 to -0.2 mm Hg) and 1.5 mm Hg (95% CI, -3.3 to 0.2 mm Hg), respectively.

favorable-cue: "decreased brachial systolic"


Effects of indoor air purification intervention on blood pressure, blood-oxygen saturation, and heart rate variability: A double-blinded cross-over randomized controlled trial of healthy young adults.

Air Purification;Personal PM2.5 Air Monitor

Using IAP was significantly associated with a reduction of 2.96 mmHg (95 % CI: -5.71, -0.20) in SBP.


Effects of long-term indoor air purification intervention on cardiovascular health in elderly: a parallel, double-blinded randomized controlled trial in Hong Kong.

Overall, we found suggestive evidence of cardiovascular benefits of long-term IAPs use, particularly on diastolic blood pressure. Evidence on other longer-term cardiovascular traits is less clear.


Positive Effect of Air Purifier Intervention on Baroreflex Sensitivity and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Trial.

This study shows that a short-term air filtration intervention improved baroreflex sensitivity and might reduce oxidative stress in coronary artery disease patients.


Long-term indoor air conditioner filtration and cardiovascular health: A randomized crossover intervention study.

We concluded that air pollution exposure was associated with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and elevated blood pressure. The long-term filtration of air pollution with an air conditioner filter was associated with cardiovascular health of adults.


Randomized Clinical Trial of Air Cleaners to Improve Indoor Air Quality and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Health: Results of the CLEAN AIR Study.

This is the first environmental intervention study conducted among former smokers with COPD showing potential health benefits of portable high-efficiency particulate absolute air cleaners, particularly among those with greater adherence and spending a greater time indoors.


Indoor Air Pollution and Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Participants randomized to the active air cleaner saw improvements in RMSSD (β, 25.2% [95% CI, 2.99 to 52.1]), but not SDNN (β, 2.65% [95% CI, -10.8 to 18.1]), compared with the placebo group.


Respiratory Benefits of Multisetting Air Purification in Children: A Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial.

This randomized clinical trial provides robust and holistic evidence that indoor air purification notably improved pulmonary health in children, highlighting the importance of intensified indoor air purification in regions with high air pollution levels.


Cardiorespiratory responses of air filtration: A randomized crossover intervention trial in seniors living in Beijing: Beijing Indoor Air Purifier StudY, BIAPSY.

our results showed that indoor air filtration produced clear improvement on indoor air quality, but no demonstrable changes in the cardio-respiratory outcomes of study interest observed in the seniors living with real-world air pollution exposures.


A Randomized Cross-over Air Filtration Intervention Trial for Reducing Cardiovascular Health Risks in Residents of Public Housing near a Highway.

We observed no significant differences in blood pressure or three of the four biomarkers (hsCRP, fibrinogen, and TNF-RII) measured in participants after 21-day exposure to HEPA-filtered air compared to measurements after 21-day exposure to sham-filtered air.

no-difference-cue: "no significant differences"


Portable air purification: Review of impacts on indoor air quality and health.

Associations with health impacts found included those on blood pressure, respiratory parameters and pregnancy outcomes.


Indoor Exposure to Selected Air Pollutants in the Home Environment: A Systematic Review.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in particular has an impact on multiple health outcomes, including respiratory and cardiovascular illness, allergic symptoms, cancers, and premature mortality.


Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review.

For AOA, smoking, a high body mass index (BMI), wood dust exposure and residential chemical exposures, such as formaldehyde exposure or exposure to volatile organic compounds, were amongst the risk factors found.


Potential applications of porous organic polymers as adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds.

In recent years, activated carbons, zeolites, and mesoporous materials are widely used to remove VOCs because of their high specific surface area and abundant porosity.


Effect of Reducing Ambient Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Blood Pressure: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

In conclusion, reducing indoor concentrations of TRAP was effective in preventing acute increases in SBP.


Association between drinking water disinfection byproducts exposure and human bladder cancer: A time-updated meta-analysis of trihalomethanes.

Water Purification (Reverse Osmosis & Ultrafiltration);Shower Dechlorination Filter

This suggests a statistically significant positive correlation between long-term exposure to chlorinated drinking water and an increased risk of bladder cancer.


Disinfection byproducts and bladder cancer: a pooled analysis.

Water Purification (Reverse Osmosis & Ultrafiltration)

These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the risk of bladder cancer is increased with long-term exposure to disinfection byproducts at levels currently observed in many industrialized countries.


Association of low-level arsenic exposure in drinking water with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and risk assessment.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in association with iAs exposure has been examined in a number of studies and provides a basis for evaluating a reference dose (RfD) for assessing potential non-cancer health risks of arsenic exposure.


Health effects of arsenic and chromium in drinking water: recent human findings.

New studies address the dose-response relationship between drinking-water arsenic concentrations and skin lesions, and new findings have emerged concerning arsenic and cardiovascular disease.


Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality for Cancer and Chronic Diseases in Central Italy, 1990-2010.

For lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases dose-response relationship is modelled by piecewise linear functions revealing effects even for doses lower than 10 μg/L, and no threshold dose value was identified as safe for health.


Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review.

Considering all studies, the strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects.


Nitrate in drinking water and colorectal cancer risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Persons exposed to the highest level of drinking water nitrate had an HR of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.08-1.25) for CRC compared with persons exposed to the lowest level.


Nitrate contamination in drinking water and colorectal cancer: Exposure assessment and estimated health burden in New Zealand.

Epidemiological evidence in multiple jurisdictions has shown an association between nitrate exposure in drinking water and an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).


Neurodevelopmental outcomes among 2- to 3-year-old children in Bangladesh with elevated blood lead and exposure to arsenic and manganese in drinking water.

Where blood lead levels are high, lead is associated with decreased cognitive scores on the BSID-III, and effects of other metals are not detected. In the setting of lower lead levels, the adverse effects of arsenic and manganese on neurodevelopment are observed.


Low-level lead exposure and mortality in US adults: a population-based cohort study.

Low-level environmental lead exposure is an important, but largely overlooked, risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality in the USA. A comprehensive strategy to prevent deaths from cardiovascular disease should include efforts to reduce lead exposure.


A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects.

Multiple studies find significant associations between PFAS exposure and adverse immune outcomes in children. Dyslipidemia is the strongest metabolic outcome associated with PFAS exposure.


Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their effects on the ovary.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found widespread in drinking water, foods, food packaging materials and other consumer products. Several PFAS have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals based on their ability to interfere with normal reproductive function and hormonal signalling.


Reduction in drinking water arsenic exposure and health risk through arsenic treatment among private well households in Maine and New Jersey, USA.

The 7-fold reduction of [As] in the treated water reduced skin cancer risk alone from 3765 to 514 in 1 million in ME, and from 568 to 75 in 1 million in NJ.

favorable-cue: "reduced skin cancer risk"


Arsenic Exposure Reduction and Chronic Disease Mortality.

Each IQR decrease in urinary arsenic (197 µg/g creatinine) was associated with 22% lower chronic disease mortality (aHR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.75-0.82]), 20% lower cancer mortality (aHR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.73-0.87]), and 23% lower CVD mortality (aHR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.81]).

favorable-cue: "lower chronic disease mortality"


Effect of an Arsenic Mitigation Program on Arsenic Exposure in American Indian Communities: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the Community-Led Strong Heart Water Study Program.

A 47% reduction in urinary arsenic [creatinine] was observed from baseline to the final follow-up when both study arms were combined.


Removal of arsenic as a potentially toxic element from drinking water by filtration: A mini review of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis techniques.

RO membranes are regarded as yet another efficient membrane technology for eliminating both types of arsenic throughout a wide pH and pressure range.


Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes for highly efficient PFASs removal: overview, challenges and future perspectives.

Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane separation technologies have proven to be feasible, sustainable and highly effective methods for the removal of contaminants, comprising the extremely persistent and recalcitrant perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).


Efficiency of home water filters on pesticide removal from drinking water.

According to the results, activated carbon and reverse osmosis were 100% efficient for pesticide removal, followed by ion exchange resins and ultraviolet radiation.


Long-term exposure to low-level arsenic in drinking water is associated with cause-specific mortality and hospitalization in the Mt. Amiata area (Tuscany, Italy).

chronic exposure to arsenic concentrations in drinking water above the current regulatory limit was associated with a plurality of outcomes, in terms of both mortality and hospitalization.


Long-Term Health Effects and Underlying Biological Mechanisms of Developmental Exposure to Arsenic.

Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) via drinking water represents a significant global public health threat with chronic exposure associated with cancer, skin lesions, neurological impairment, and cardiovascular diseases.


Dose-response meta-analysis of arsenic exposure in drinking water and intelligence quotient.

for each unit increase in arsenic concentration (one microgram per liter), intelligence quotient scale decreases by 0.08%.


Nitrate and nitrite contamination in drinking water and cancer risk: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

In meta-analyses (4 studies) we identified a positive association of nitrate exposure with gastric cancer, OR = 1.91 (95%CI = 1.09-3.33) per 10 mg/L increment in nitrate ion.


Nitrate-nitrite exposure through drinking water and diet and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

However, intake of nitrite from diet and nitrate from the drinking water was not associated with colorectal cancer risk.


Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and county-level cancer incidence between 2016 and 2021 and incident cancer burden attributable to PFAS in drinking water in the United States.

PFAS in drinking water was associated with increased cancer incidence in the digestive, endocrine, oral cavity/pharynx, and respiratory systems.

unfavorable-cue: "increased cancer incidence"


Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

we found limited-suggestive evidence that THM in drinking water increases the risk of bladder and colorectal cancer at levels below current regulatory limits in the US and EU, indicating that these fail to protect against cancer in the general population.


Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Bladder Cancer Burden in the European Union.

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are widespread disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, and long-term exposure has been consistently associated with increased bladder cancer risk.

unfavorable-cue: "increased bladder cancer risk"


Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults.

Blue-Light Management & Circadian Lighting

This systematic review found that blue-light filtering spectacle lenses may not attenuate symptoms of eye strain with computer use, over a short-term follow-up period, compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses.


Interventions for the Management of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Visual fatigue symptoms were not reduced by blue-blocking spectacles (3 RCTs), with evidence judged of low certainty.


Efficacy of blue-light blocking glasses on actigraphic sleep outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled crossover trials.

BBGs may provide small improvements in sleep, but current evidence from RCTs does not support significant effects. Larger, well-powered trials with standardized protocols are needed.

no-difference-cue: "does not support" | favorable-cue: "improvements"


The effect of blue-light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep-wake cycle: a systematic review of the literature.

We find a lack of high quality evidence to support using BB spectacle lenses for the general population to improve visual performance or sleep quality, alleviate eye fatigue or conserve macular health.


Evening wear of blue-blocking glasses for sleep and mood disorders: a systematic review.

Out of the 24 publications focusing on sleep, there was substantial evidence for blue-blocking glasses being a successful intervention for reducing sleep onset latency in patients with sleep disorders, jet lag, or variable shift work schedules.


Amber lenses to block blue light and improve sleep: a randomized trial.

At the end of the study, the amber lens group experienced significant (p < .001) improvement in sleep quality relative to the control group and positive affect (p = .005).


Effect of evening blue light blocking glasses on subjective and objective sleep in healthy adults: A randomized control trial.

Blue light blocking glasses did not improve objective measures of sleep time or quality in healthy adults.


A randomized controlled trial on the effects of blue-blocking glasses compared to partial blue-blockers on sleep outcomes in the third trimester of pregnancy.

The use of blue-blocking glasses compared to partially blue-blocking glasses in a group of healthy pregnant participants did not show statistically significant effects on sleep outcomes.


A randomized controlled trial on the effect of blue-blocking glasses compared to partial blue-blockers on melatonin profile among nulliparous women in third trimester of the pregnancy.

At posttreatment, melatonin onset advanced by 28 min in the blue-blocking group compared with the control condition (p=.019).


Blue-blocking glasses as additive treatment for mania: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

The mean decline in YMRS score was 14.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.7-18.5] in the BB group, and 1.7 (95% CI: -4.0 to 7.4) in the placebo group, yielding an effect size of 1.86 (Cohen's d).


Blue-blocking glasses as additive treatment for mania: Effects on actigraphy-derived sleep parameters.

The BB group's mean sleep efficiency was significantly higher at night 5 as compared to the placebo group (92.6% vs. 83.1%, p = .027).


A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive blue-blocking glasses for the treatment of sleep and circadian rhythm in patients with bipolar disorder.

However, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire score had shifted to an advanced rhythm in the BB group and to a delayed rhythm in the placebo group, and the difference in these changes was statistically significant (95% CI, 1.69-7.45; P = .003).


Effect of blue-blocking glasses in major depressive disorder with sleep onset insomnia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

The change scores for sleep quality did not show a significant improvement in the BB group compared with the placebo group (mean [standard deviation, SD] scores for BB versus placebo: 36.1 [31.7] versus 16.2 [15.1], p = 0.43), although half of the BB group showed a clear improvement in sleep quality.


Block the light and sleep well: Evening blue light filtration as a part of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

We provide further evidence that blocking short-wavelength light in the evening hours may be beneficial for patients suffering from insomnia.


Restricting short-wavelength light in the evening to improve sleep in recreational athletes - A pilot study.

Results indicate that blocking short-wavelength light in the evening, as compared to habitual light exposure, significantly shortened subjective sleep onset latency (Δ = 7 min), improved sleep quality (Δ = 0.6; scale 1-10), and increased alertness the following morning.


Modelling the effect of light through commercially available blue-blocking lenses on the human circadian system.

BBLs may not improve sleep quality, because they continue to allow the transmittance of blue light that may suppress nocturnal melatonin secretion and hence disrupt the normal sleep-wake circadian rhythm.


Long-Term Reduction of Short-Wavelength Light Affects Sustained Attention and Visuospatial Working Memory With No Evidence for a Change in Circadian Rhythmicity.

The significant effects were revealed both for sustained attention and visuospatial memory, i.e., the longer blocking the blue light lasted, the greater decrease in performance observed.


Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance.

Our data indicate that the spectral profile of light emitted by computer screens impacts on circadian physiology, alertness, and cognitive performance levels.


Accuracy of Three Commercial Wearable Devices for Sleep Tracking in Healthy Adults.

Biometric Wearables (Sleep, HRV & Recovery)

The Oura ring was not different from PSG in terms of wake, light sleep, deep sleep, or REM sleep estimation.


Validity and reliability of the Oura Ring Generation 3 (Gen3) with Oura sleep staging algorithm 2.0 (OSSA 2.0) when compared to multi-night ambulatory polysomnography: A validation study of 96 participants and 421,045 epochs.

The Oura Ring Gen3 with OSSA 2.0 shows good agreement with PSG for global sleep measures and time spent in light and deep sleep.


Accuracy of 11 Wearable, Nearable, and Airable Consumer Sleep Trackers: Prospective Multicenter Validation Study.

epoch-by-epoch agreement in sleep stage classification showed substantial performance variation. More specifically, the highest macro F1 score was 0.69, while the lowest macro F1 score was 0.26.


Multi-Night Validation of a Sleep Tracking Ring in Adolescents Compared with a Research Actigraph and Polysomnography.

The Oura ring yielded comparable sleep measurement to research grade actigraphy at the latter's default settings. Sleep staging needs improvement.


Accuracy Assessment of Oura Ring Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Comparison With Electrocardiography in Time and Frequency Domains: Comprehensive Analysis.

The Oura Ring could accurately measure nocturnal HR and RMSSD in both the 5-minute and average-per-night tests. It provided acceptable nocturnal AVNN, pNN50, HF, and SDNN accuracy in the average-per-night test but not in the 5-minute test.


Feasible assessment of recovery and cardiovascular health: accuracy of nocturnal HR and HRV assessed via ring PPG in comparison to medical grade ECG.

Very high agreement between the ring and ECG was observed for nightly average HR and HRV (r= 0.996 and 0.980, respectively) with a mean bias of -0.63 bpm and -1.2 ms.


Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis.

The relative risk with 10 beats/min increment of resting heart rate was 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.12) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for cardiovascular mortality.


Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

In the pooled analysis, short duration of sleep was associated with a greater risk of death (RR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18; P < 0.01)


Relationship of Sleep Duration With All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

U-shaped associations were indicated between sleep duration and risk of all outcomes, with the lowest risk observed for ≈7-hour sleep duration per day, which was varied little by sex.


Sleep duration and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

In the pooled analysis, long and short sleep duration were associated with increased all-cause mortality (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.43 and RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.11, respectively), compared with the reference category.

unfavorable-cue: "increased all-cause mortality"


Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Experimental Sleep Deprivation.

Biometric Wearables (Sleep, HRV & Recovery);hs-CRP Inflammation Test

Sleep disturbance was associated with higher levels of CRP (ES .12; 95% CI = .05-.19) and IL-6 (ES .20; 95% CI = .08-.31).

unfavorable-cue: "associated with higher"


Daily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts.

Taking more steps per day was associated with a progressively lower risk of all-cause mortality, up to a level that varied by age.


Prospective Association of Daily Steps With Cardiovascular Disease: A Harmonized Meta-Analysis.

For older adults, the HR for quartile 2 was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93), 0.62 for quartile 3 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.74), and 0.51 for quartile 4 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.63) compared with the lowest quartile.


Daily Step Count and Depression in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pooled estimates from prospective cohort studies indicated that participants with 7000 or more steps/d had reduced risk of depression compared with their counterparts with fewer than 7000 steps/d (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.62-0.77).


Metrics from Wearable Devices as Candidate Predictors of Antibody Response Following Vaccination against COVID-19: Data from the Second TemPredict Study.

increases in dermal temperature deviation and resting heart rate, and decreases in heart rate variability (a measure of sympathetic nervous system activation) and deep sleep were each statistically significantly correlated with greater RBD antibody responses.


Information theory reveals physiological manifestations of COVID-19 that correlate with symptom density of illness.

We test this framework on five physiological data streams (heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, metabolic activity, and sleep temperature) assessed at the time of reported illness onset in a previously reported COVID-19-positive cohort (N = 73).


Resting heart rate and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality - A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.

This meta-analysis found an increased risk of coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality with greater resting heart rate.


Resting Heart Rate as a Predictor of Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In conclusion, a low RHR is a potential marker of low risk of cancer mortality.


Heart rate variability as a marker of healthy ageing.

Autonomic responding reflected by heart rate variability (HRV) has well-established links to general health and wellbeing in younger populations; but has yet to be explored in older individuals.


Heart rate variability: A biomarker of frailty in older adults?

It contributes to understanding that the changes in heart variability can be a marker for frailty in older adults.


Mobile Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback as a Complementary Intervention After Myocardial Infarction: a Randomized Controlled Study.

HRV-BF as an adjunctive behavioral treatment increased HRV, which is an indicator of lower cardiovascular risk, and self-efficacy, which suggests heightened psychological resilience.

favorable-cue: "lower cardiovascular risk"


Physical activity, mindfulness meditation, or heart rate variability biofeedback for stress reduction: a randomized controlled trial.

Results indicated an overall beneficial effect consisting of reduced stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and improved psychological well-being and sleep quality.


Imbalanced sleep increases mortality risk by 14-34%: a meta-analysis.

Short sleep duration (< 7 h per night) was associated with a 14% increase in mortality risk compared to the reference of 7-8 h, with a pooled hazard ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.18).


Validation of nocturnal resting heart rate and heart rate variability in consumer wearables.

Oura devices showed the highest agreement for RHR and HRV, and WHOOP showed acceptable agreement, whereas Garmin Fenix and Polar demonstrated lower concordance, highlighting the importance of continuous validation and providing valuable benchmarks for clinicians, researchers, and consumers.


Accuracy of Heart Rate Measurement Under Transient States: A Validation Study of Wearables for Real-Life Monitoring.

The WHOOP 4.0, Withings Scanwatch, and EmbracePlus devices performed acceptably during steady-state conditions, but were less accurate during transitions.


Accuracy of Fitbit Charge 4, Garmin Vivosmart 4, and WHOOP Versus Polysomnography: Systematic Review.

WHOOP showed the least disagreement relative to PSG and Sleep Profiler for total sleep time (-1.4 min), light sleep (-9.6 min), and deep sleep (-9.3 min) but showed the largest disagreement for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (21.0 min).


Performance of consumer wrist-worn sleep tracking devices compared to polysomnography: a meta-analysis.

Wrist-worn sleep tracking devices, although popular, are not as reliable as polysomnography in measuring key sleep parameters such as total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency.


Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation.

Among participants who received notification of an irregular pulse, 34% had atrial fibrillation on subsequent ECG patch readings and 84% of notifications were concordant with atrial fibrillation.


Smartwatch Performance for the Detection and Quantification of Atrial Fibrillation.

Of these, the SmartRhythm 2.0 neural network detected 80 episodes (episode sensitivity, 97.5%) with a total duration of 1101.1 hours (duration sensitivity, 97.7%).


Clinical Validation of 5 Direct-to-Consumer Wearable Smart Devices to Detect Atrial Fibrillation: BASEL Wearable Study.

Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of AF were comparable between devices: 85% and 75% for the Apple Watch 6, 85% and 75% for the Samsung Galaxy Watch 3, 58% and 75% for the Withings Scanwatch, 66% and 79% for the Fitbit Sense, and 79% and 69% for the AliveCor KardiaMobile, respectively.


Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study.

The sensitivity to detect AF was 100% for all devices. The specificity to detect sinus rhythm was 96.4% (95% CI 89.5%-98.8%) for KardiaMobile 6L, 97.8% (95% CI 91.6%-99.5%) for Apple Watch, 98.9% (95% CI 92.5%-99.8%) for FibriCheck, and 97.8% (95% CI 91.5%-99.4%) for Preventicus (P=.50).


Accuracy of the Apple watch for detection of AF: A multicenter experience.

In a population with known AF, the AW IRN had a low rate of false positive detections and high specificity. Sensitivity for detection by subject and by AF episode was lower.


Diagnostic accuracy of apple watch ECG outputs in identifying dysrhythmias: A comparison with 12-Lead ECG in emergency department.

Using Bland-Altman analysis for heart rate assessment, the absolute mean difference for heart rate was 0.81 ± 6.12 bpm (r = 0.94). There was strong agreement in 658 out of 700 (94%) heart rate measurements.


A comparison of manual electrocardiographic interval and waveform analysis in lead 1 of 12-lead ECG and Apple Watch ECG: A validation study.

The AW produces accurate ECGs in healthy adults with moderate to strong agreement of basic ECG intervals.


Use of a Smart Watch for Early Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Validation Study.

In this validation study, the detection precision of AF and measurement accuracy during AF were both better with Apple Watch W mode than with FBT.


False Atrial Fibrillation Alerts from Smartwatches are Associated with Decreased Perceived Physical Well-being and Confidence in Chronic Symptoms Management.

Receipt of false AF alerts was related to a dose-dependent decline in self-perceived physical health and levels of disease self-management.


Real-World Accuracy of Wearable Activity Trackers for Detecting Medical Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

For atrial fibrillation detection, pooled positive predictive value was 87.4% (95% CI 75.7%-99.1%), sensitivity was 94.2% (95% CI 88.7%-99.7%), and specificity was 95.3% (95% CI 91.8%-98.8%).


Effectiveness of a Smartwatch App in Detecting Induced Falls: Observational Study.

The overall smartwatch app sensitivity for falls was 77%, the specificity was 99%, the false-positive rate was 1.7%, and the false-negative rate was 16.4%.


Prospective Associations of Daily Step Counts and Intensity With Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality and All-Cause Mortality.

The findings of this population-based prospective cohort study of 78 500 individuals suggest that up to 10 000 steps per day may be associated with a lower risk of mortality and cancer and CVD incidence.

favorable-cue: "associated with a lower"


Association of Daily Step Patterns With Mortality in US Adults.

Compared with participants who walked 8000 steps or more 0 days per week, all-cause mortality risk was lower among those who took 8000 steps or more 1 to 2 days per week (aRD, -14.9%; 95% CI -18.8% to -10.9%) and 3 to 7 days per week (aRD, -16.5%; 95% CI, -20.4% to -12.5%).


Association of accelerometer-derived step volume and intensity with hospitalizations and mortality in older adults: A prospective cohort study.

Among older adults, both high step volume and step intensity were significantly associated with lower hospitalization and all-cause mortality risk.


Consumer-Based Wearable Activity Trackers Increase Physical Activity Participation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Utilizing a consumer-based wearable activity tracker as either the primary component of an intervention or as part of a broader physical activity intervention has the potential to increase physical activity participation.


Wearable Activity Tracker-Based Interventions for Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Compared to usual care, there was lo- to moderate-certainty evidence that the wearable activity tracker-based interventions significantly increased physical activity time (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.28, 95% CI 0.10-0.47; P=.003) and daily step counts (SMD=0.58, 95% CI 0.33-0.83; P<.001) immediately after intervention


The association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis.

A 1000-step increment was associated with a 15% decreased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-0.91; P < 0.001], while a 500-step increment was associated with a 7% decrease in CV mortality (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91-0.95; P < 0.001).


Daily steps and all-cause mortality: An umbrella review and meta-analysis.

Our updated meta-analysis showed a nonlinear association, indicating a lower risk of all-cause mortality with increased daily steps, with a protective threshold at 3143 steps/day, and a pooled HR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.95) per 1000 steps/day increment.


Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis.

Higher levels of total physical activity, at any intensity, and less time spent sedentary, are associated with substantially reduced risk for premature mortality, with evidence of a non-linear dose-response pattern in middle aged and older adults.


Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis.

Independent of PA, total sitting and TV viewing time are associated with greater risk for several major chronic disease outcomes.


Survival of the fittest: VOmax, a key predictor of longevity?

Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax), is related to functional capacity and human performance and has been shown to be a strong and independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality.


Health Benefits of Different Sports: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies Including 2.6 Million Adult Participants.

A range of physical health benefits are associated with participation in recreational cycling, football, handball, running and swimming.


Daily Step Count and All-Cause Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Dose-response meta-analysis indicated a strong inverse association, wherein the risk decreased linearly from 2700 to17,000 steps per day. The HR for 10,000 steps per day was 0.44 (95% CI 0.31-0.63).


The relationships between step count and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: A dose-response meta-analysis.

Our meta-analysis suggests inverse associations between higher step count and risk of premature death and cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older adults, with nonlinear dose-response patterns.

unfavorable-cue: "higher step count and risk"


Walking and Health Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

Older adults who performed an average of 5694 steps/day, had a 13% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.87, 0.80-0.95) per additional 1000 steps/day.


Midlife Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Long-Term Risk of Mortality: 46 Years of Follow-Up.

Each unit increase in Vomax was associated with a 45-day (95% CI: 30 to 61; p < 0.001) increase in longevity.


The Effect of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on All-Cause Mortality in Hong Kong Chinese Older Adults.

As compared with those being active and fit, physically inactive and cardiorespiratory unfit individuals had the highest all-cause mortality risk.


Effects of Activity Tracker Use With Health Professional Support or Telephone Counseling on Maintenance of Physical Activity and Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.

The use of an AT with AEP support or TC is effective at maintaining daily step count in older adults over a 12-month period, suggesting that wearable ATs are as effective as TC.


The Impact of a Wearable Activity Tracker and Structured Feedback Program on Physical Activity in Hemodialysis Patients: The Step4Life Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

This pilot randomized controlled trial demonstrated that structured feedback coupled with a wearable activity tracker led to a greater daily step count that was sustained over 12 weeks relative to a wearable activity tracker alone.


Impact of a Wearable Activity Tracker on Disease Flares in Spondyloarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The use of a wearable activity tracker did not affect the number of flares, performance, or QOL of patients with SpA.


Accuracy in Wrist-Worn, Sensor-Based Measurements of Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure in a Diverse Cohort.

Six of the devices achieved a median error for HR below 5% during cycling. No device achieved an error in EE below 20 percent.


Accuracy of Consumer Wearable Heart Rate Measurement During an Ecologically Valid 24-Hour Period: Intraindividual Validation Study.

The Apple Watch 3 and the Fitbit Charge 2 provided acceptable heart rate accuracy (<±10%) across the 24 hour and during each activity, except for the Apple Watch 3 during the daily activities condition.


Stressing the accuracy: Wrist-worn wearable sensor validation over different conditions.

Mean HR measures showed the best accuracy over all conditions. HRV measures showed satisfactory accuracy in seated rest, paced breathing, and recovery conditions but not in dynamic conditions, including speaking.


Performance of seven consumer sleep-tracking devices compared with polysomnography.

Consumer sleep-tracking devices exhibited high performance in detecting sleep, and most performed equivalent to (or better than) actigraphy in detecting wake. Device sleep stage assessments were inconsistent.


Atrial fibrillation detection using ambulatory smartwatch photoplethysmography and validation with simultaneous holter recording.

Among the 200 available participants, 112 participants (56%) developed AF (the AF group). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predicted value of AF detection in participants were 97.3%, 88.6%, and 91.6%, respectively.


Diagnostic accuracy of smart gadgets/wearable devices in detecting atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Smartphones had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 96%, and smartwatches showed similar diagnostic accuracy, with a specificity of 94% and a sensitivity of 93%.


Sedentary behavior patterns and the risk of non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A prolonged sedentary behavior pattern was associated with increased risks of several major noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality.

unfavorable-cue: "associated with increased"


Effectiveness of Wearable Trackers on Physical Activity in Healthy Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The usage of wearable trackers was associated with increased physical activity (standardized mean difference 0.449, 95% CI 0.10-0.80; P=.01). In the subgroup analyses, however, wearable trackers demonstrated no clear benefit for physical activity or weight reduction.

unfavorable-cue: "associated with increased" | no-difference-cue: "no clear benefit"


Effects of Integrating Wearable Activity Trackers With a Home-Based Multicomponent Exercise Intervention on Fall-Related Parameters and Physical Function in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Wearable technology, with or without an exercise intervention, seems to be an effective tool in reducing the fear of falling and improving physical function in older adults susceptible to falls.


Effect of a Wearable Device-Based Physical Activity Intervention in North Korean Refugees: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

The wearable device-based physical activity intervention did not significantly increase the average daily step count in the North Korean refugees in this study.

no-difference-cue: "did not significantly increase"


Health wearable devices for weight and BMI reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity and chronic comorbidities: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Health wearable devices are effective intervention tools/strategies for reducing body weight and BMI in individuals with overweight/obesity and chronic comorbidities.


Long-Term Weight Management Using Wearable Technology in Overweight and Obese Adults: Systematic Review.

This review showed some evidence that wearable devices can improve long-term physical activity and weight loss outcomes, but there was not enough evidence to show a benefit over the comparator methods.


Systematic Review of Fitbit Charge 2 Validation Studies for Exercise Tracking.

The literature supports the validity of the FBC2 to accurately monitor HR, but for step count is inconclusive so the device may not be suitable for recommended use in all populations.


Detection of sedentary time and bouts using consumer-grade wrist-worn devices: a hidden semi-Markov model.

STEPHEN can characterize the proportion of time spent being sedentary and usual sedentary bout length.


Relationship of resting heart rate and blood pressure with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.

The risk of all-cause mortality was increased by 25% with the quartiles four vs quartile one of RHR (HR [95% CI]:1.25 [1.17-1.33]), and CVD mortality was increased by 32% (HR [95% CI]: 1.32 [1.22-1.44]).


Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in a Large Population Using Wearable Devices: The Fitbit Heart Study.

Of the 225 participants with another IHRD during ECG patch monitoring, 221 had concurrent AF on the ECG and 4 did not, resulting in an IHRD positive predictive value of 98.2% (95% CI, 95.5%-99.5%).


Diagnostic Accuracy of Smartwatches for the Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of smartwatches for detecting cardiac arrhythmias were 100% (95% CI 0.99-1.00), 95% (95% CI 0.93-0.97), and 97% (95% CI 0.96-0.99), respectively.


Single-lead electrocardiogram Artificial Intelligence model with risk factors detects atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm.

An AI model using a single-lead SR ECG and six risk factors can identify patients with concurrent AF with similar accuracy as a 12-lead ECG-AI model.