Comparison of blood flow restriction devices and their effect on quadriceps muscle activation.

Quadriceps EMG amplitude was greater during high-load resistance exercise versus low-load BFR exercise and there were no differences in EMG findings between BFRT devices.


Exercise, Nutrition, and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Sarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Management in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

NMES serves as an effective adjunct for accelerating fat loss, while nutritional strategies require integration with exercise or prolonged implementation to yield clinically meaningful outcomes.


Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Mass in Healthy Young and Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

The very limited available evidence from 5 RCTs in older adults suggests that NMES might be beneficial for increasing quadriceps muscle strength and mass.


Intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves functional capacity and muscle strength in people receiving haemodialysis: a systematic review.

NMES increased knee extensor muscle strength (MD 3.5 kg, 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and handgrip strength (MD 2.4 kg, 95% CI 0.4 to 4.4). Muscle mass/architecture was not substantially affected.

favorable-cue: "increased knee extensor muscle"


Interventions to ameliorate reductions in muscle quantity and function in hospitalised older adults: a systematic review towards acute sarcopenia treatment.

There is currently insufficient evidence for effective interventions to ameliorate changes in muscle function/quantity in hospitalised older adults.


Impact of whole-body electromyostimulation on body composition in elderly women at risk for sarcopenia: the Training and ElectroStimulation Trial (TEST-III).

we conclude that for elderly subjects unable or unwilling to perform dynamic strength exercises, electromyostimulation may be a less off-putting alternative to maintain lean body mass and strength.


Whole-body electromyostimulation to fight sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older women at risk. Resultsof the randomized controlled FORMOsA-sarcopenic obesity study.

WB-EMS is a safe and attractive method for increasing muscle mass and functional capacity in this cohort of women 70+ with SO; however, the effect on body fat is minor. Protein-enriched supplements did not increase effects of WB-EMS alone.


Effects of Combined Whole-Body Electromyostimulation and Protein Supplementation on Local and Overall Muscle/Fat Distribution in Older Men with Sarcopenic Obesity: The Randomized Controlled Franconia Sarcopenic Obesity (FranSO) Study.

WB-EMS combined with whey protein supplements favorably affects local and overall muscle/fat distribution and lower limb functioning in cdw men 70+ with SO.


Therapeutic strategies for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review.

Electrical acupuncture and whole-body electromyostimulation associated with nutritional supplementation resulted to be novel effective strategies in inducing body composition changes.


Early neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve quadriceps muscle strength after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.

The early addition of NMES effectively attenuated loss of quadriceps muscle strength and improved functional performance following TKA. The effects were most pronounced and clinically meaningful within the first month after surgery, but persisted through 1 year after surgery.


Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Use after Total Knee Arthroplasty Improves Early Return to Function: A Randomized Trial.

Use of a home-based application-controlled NMES therapy system added to standard of care treatment showed statistically significant improvements in quadriceps strength and TUG following TKA, supporting a quicker return to function.


Neuromuscular electrical stimulation preserves muscle strength early after total knee arthroplasty: Effects on muscle fiber size.

These results suggest that NMES mitigates early muscle weakness following TKA, in part, via effects on fast-twitch, type II muscle fiber size.


Utility of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation to Preserve Quadriceps Muscle Fiber Size and Contractility After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Reconstruction: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Blinded Trial.

Early NMES use reduced skeletal muscle fiber atrophy in MHC II fibers and preserved contractility in MHC I fibers.


Neuromuscular electrical stimulation prevents muscle disuse atrophy during leg immobilization in humans.

In CON, immobilization reduced quadriceps CSA by 3.5 ± 0.5% (P < 0.0001) and muscle strength by 9 ± 2% (P < 0.05). In contrast, no significant muscle loss was detected following immobilization in NMES although strength declined by 7 ± 3% (P < 0.05).


Interventional strategies to combat muscle disuse atrophy in humans: focus on neuromuscular electrical stimulation and dietary protein.

Reintroduction of some level of muscle contraction by the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can augment both postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates and, as such, prevent or attenuate muscle loss during short-term disuse in various clinical populations.


Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation as a Potential Countermeasure for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Weakness During Human Spaceflight.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) evokes involuntary muscle contractions, which have the potential to preserve or restore skeletal muscle mass and neuromuscular function during and/or post spaceflight.


Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in early rehabilitation of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A pilot study.

NMES seems safe and feasible in the early phase of GBS. Further studies are needed to explore effect on muscle function.


Hypoxic Burden Based on Automatically Identified Desaturations Is Associated with Adverse Health Outcomes.

Recent studies have shown that sleep apnea-specific intermittent hypoxemia quantified by the hypoxic burden (HB) predicted cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in community-based and clinical cohorts.


Sleep Apnea-Specific Hypoxic Burden, Symptom Subtypes, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality.

In a fully adjusted model, HB and overall nocturnal hypoxemia assessed by sleep time with oxygen saturation <90% were the only predictors of MACE (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.38; and hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.55, respectively).


Hypoxic Burden in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Present and Future.

According to recent studies, the sleep apnea-specific "hypoxic burden (HB)", defined as the sum of individual areas under the oxygen desaturation curve, has shown some promise in identifying high risk individuals with OSA.


Hypoxic burden - definitions, pathophysiological concepts, methods of evaluation, and clinical relevance.

More recently, area-based measures that attempt to characterize the depth and duration of oxygen desaturations, i.e., nocturnal hypoxia in OSA, have been shown to better relate to incident cardiovascular disease than AHI.


Impact of Desaturation Patterns versus Apnea-Hypopnea Index in the Development of Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.

Nocturnal hypoxemia is the hallmark of OSA and new quantitative markers, as hypoxic burden or desaturation severity, have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular (CV) mortality.


Central sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease state-of-the-art.

Among cardiovascular diseases, central sleep apnea is most prevalent in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction; a large study of more than 900 treated patients has shown a dose-dependent relationship between nocturnal desaturation and mortality.


Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension: Updates to a Critical Relationship.

Home sleep studies are noninferior to formal polysomnography for OSA diagnosis. Nocturnal oxygen desaturation rate is positively correlated with HTN severity.


Obstructive sleep apnoea and 5-year cognitive decline in the elderly.

Our results provide evidence of the contribution of OSA and nocturnal hypoxaemia to cognitive decline in the elderly population.


Hypoxemia during rapid eye movement sleep mediates memory impairment in older adults at risk for dementia via CA1 hippocampal volume loss.

Hypoxemia during REM sleep may impair memory in people at risk for dementia by reducing CA1 hippocampal volume.


Accuracy of vital sign monitoring using a photoplethysmography upper arm wearable device in postoperative non-cardiac surgery patients: a prospective observational clinical validation study.

The viQtor® device demonstrated high accuracy for RR, HR, and SpO₂ in postoperative patients.


Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Staging From Oximetry and Photoplethysmography-SleepAI.

For OSA severity classification (non-OSA, mild, moderate, severe), SleepAI achieved an overall accuracy of 89%, with F1-scores of 1.0, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.88, respectively.


Accuracy of Vital Signs Measurements by a Smartwatch and a Portable Health Device: Validation Study.

Both devices we investigated met accuracy guidelines for HR measurements, but they failed to meet the predefined accuracy guidelines for other vital sign measurements. Continued sale of consumer physiological monitors without prior validation and approval procedures is a public health concern.


Validation of overnight oximetry to diagnose patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Overnight pulse oximetry provides satisfactory diagnostic performance in detecting severe OSA patients. Home-styled oximetry may be a tool for severe OSA diagnosis.


Diagnostic accuracy of overnight oximetry for the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing in atrial fibrillation patients.

The ODI was able to detect moderate-to-severe SDB (AHI ≥ 15/h; area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC): 0.951, 95% CI: 0.929-0.972) and severe SDB (AHI ≥ 30/h; 0.932, 95% CI: 0.895-0.968) with high diagnostic accuracy.


Continuous Pulse Oximetry and Capnography Monitoring for Postoperative Respiratory Depression and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The use of CPOX on the surgical ward is associated with significant improvement in the detection of oxygen desaturation versus intermittent nursing spot-checks.


Racial Disparities in Occult Hypoxemia and Clinically Based Mitigation Strategies to Apply in Advance of Technological Advancements.

The frequency of occult hypoxemia was 7.9% versus 2.9% between Black and white subjects, respectively, (< .001).


Monte Carlo Simulation of the Effect of Melanin Concentration on Light-Tissue Interactions in Reflectance Pulse Oximetry.

The results indicate that a one-algorithm-fits-all calibration approach may be insufficient, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of at least 0.3956%, 0.9132%, and 8.4111% for light, moderate, and dark skin are observed when compared to transmittance calibration algorithms.


Effect of weighted blankets on sleep quality among adults with insomnia: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

The weighted blanket group had significant improvements in sleep quality compared to the normal blanket group after 1 month of intervention (changes in the mean [SD] of PSQI score: -4.1 [4.1] vs. -2.0 [3.2], P = 0.006).


The effect of weighted blankets on sleep quality and mental health symptoms in people with psychiatric disorders in inpatient and outpatient settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

When compared to placebo, those using weighted blankets had improvements to anxiety symptoms (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.25, p < 0.001).


The efficacy of ball blankets on insomnia in depression in outpatient clinics: A randomised crossover multicentre trial.

Protac Ball Blanket® increased total night-time sleep by 12.9 min (95% confidence interval: 1.21-24.63, p = 0.031).


Widespread Pressure Delivered by a Weighted Blanket Reduces Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

After controlling for expectations and trait anxiety, the heavy weighted blanket produced significantly greater reductions in broad perceptions of chronic pain than the light weighted blanket (Cohen's f = .19, CI [-1.97, -.91]).


Weighted Blankets for Special Children: A Randomized Crossover Trial Investigating Effects on Dental Anxiety and Physiological Responses.

Use of weighted blankets significantly reduced anxiety and physiological markers across both groups.

favorable-cue: "significantly reduced anxiety"


Weighted blankets and sleep in autistic children--a randomized controlled trial.

The use of a weighted blanket did not help children with ASD sleep for a longer period of time, fall asleep significantly faster, or wake less often. However, the weighted blanket was favored by children and parents, and blankets were well tolerated over this period.


Weighted Blanket Use: A Systematic Review.

Weighted blankets may be an appropriate therapeutic tool in reducing anxiety; however, there is not enough evidence to suggest they are helpful with insomnia.


Weighted Blankets as a Sleep Intervention: A Scoping Review.

Positive outcomes were reported for adults, including improved sleep, reduction in medication use, and improved mood. Sleep outcomes were mixed for children and adolescents but included improved occupational performance.


Pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies? The impact of different therapies on sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Behavioral strategies, like structured bedtime routines, showed moderate benefits, while therapies like weighted blankets or iron supplements had little impact.


Practice guideline: Treatment for insomnia and disrupted sleep behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Clinicians should counsel that there is currently no evidence to support the routine use of weighted blankets or specialized mattress technology for improving disrupted sleep.


A weighted blanket increases pre-sleep salivary concentrations of melatonin in young, healthy adults.

When using a weighted blanket, the 1 hour increase of salivary melatonin from baseline (i.e., 22:00) to lights off (i.e., 23:00) was about 32% higher (p = 0.011).


Weighted blanket and sleep medication use among adults with psychiatric diagnosis - a population-based register study.

This observational register study found a statistically significant association between WB use and decreased use of common sleep medication except melatonin that increased slightly.


Changed sleep according to weighted blanket adherence in a 16-week sleep intervention among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Improvements in sleep were more likely among WB adherents vs nonadherents. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may thus benefit from using WBs to handle their sleep problems.


Adjunctive deep touch pressure for comorbid anxiety in bipolar disorder: mediated by control of sensory input?

Deep touch pressure, a technique in which firm touch is applied to the body either by the self or by a machine, has been shown to improve functioning and reduce symptoms of anxiety in these populations.


Biological activities of topical retinaldehyde.

These studies indicate that topical RAL has biological activity and is well tolerated.


Tolerance profile of retinol, retinaldehyde and retinoic acid under maximized and long-term clinical conditions.

The natural retinoids ROL and RAL do have a good tolerance profile, in contrast with the irritating potential of RA.


Cosmeceuticals: the evidence behind the retinoids.

cosmeceuticals containing retinaldehyde have been shown in large randomized, controlled trials to have the most beneficial effect on aging skin.


In situ antioxidant activity of a dermo-cosmetic product: A randomized controlled clinical study.

The tested product significantly improved the skin antioxidant capacity after 15 and 30 days and significantly decreased the basal level of the skin LPO.


Use of Retinoids in Topical Antiaging Treatments: A Focused Review of Clinical Evidence for Conventional and Nanoformulations.

In general, there is a lack of evidence from properly designed clinical trials to support the claimed efficacy of the most commonly used retinoids as antiaging agents in cosmeceuticals.


The role of retinoids in the prevention and repair of aged and photoaged skin.

Topical retinoids, namely tretinoin, have been proven to prevent and repair clinical features of photoageing; these processes are facilitated by an ability to prevent loss of collagen from, and stimulate new collagen formation in, the papillary dermis of sun-exposed skin.


The mechanism of action of topical retinoids.

When topical tretinoin is applied to human skin, any collagen deficiency existing in photoaged skin is remedied at least partially, and the skin is primed to prevent further matrix degradation induced by solar UV.


Vitamin A antagonizes decreased cell growth and elevated collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinases and stimulates collagen accumulation in naturally aged human skin.

topical application of 1% vitamin A for 7 d increased fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis, and concomitantly reduced the levels of matrix-degrading matrix metalloproteinases.


Retinoids suppress cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), a negative regulator of collagen homeostasis, in skin equivalent cultures and aged human skin in vivo.

Topical treatment with retinol (vitamin A, 0.4%) for 7days significantly reduced CCN1 mRNA and protein expression in both chronologically aged (80+years) and photoaged human skin in vivo, compared to vehicle-treated skin.


A short-term screening protocol, using fibrillin-1 as a reporter molecule, for photoaging repair agents.

After application of 0.025% all-trans retinoic acid, there was increased deposition of both these dermal matrix components, with the aberrant elastic fibers no longer apparent.


Retinoid therapy of pigmentary disorders.

Topical retinoids such as all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin), retinol, retinaldehyde, tazarotene, and adapalene have been shown to improve dyspigmentation of photodamaged skin including mottling and actinic lentigines.


Peeling agents and irritants, unlike tretinoin, do not stimulate collagen synthesis in the photoaged hairless mouse.

Microscopic measurements showed that the tretinoin-induced zone of new collagen was twice the depth of that induced by irritants or vehicle.


Double-blind, half-face study comparing topical vitamin C and vehicle for rejuvenation of photodamage.

This formulation of vitamin C results in clinically visible and statistically significant improvement in wrinkling when used topically for 12 weeks. This clinical improvement correlates with biopsy evidence of new collagen formation.


Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of a lipophilic pro-vitamin C derivative, tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid.

These results indicate that topical application of VC-IP cream reduces periorbital wrinkles caused by skin aging.


Bateman purpura (dermatoporosis): a localized scurvy treated by topical vitamin C - double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Twice-daily application of 5% topical vitamin C led to a clinically apparent improvement of the skin symptoms and allows beneficial effects on skin elasticity and thickness.


Clinical, biometric and structural evaluation of the long-term effects of a topical treatment with ascorbic acid and madecassoside in photoaged human skin.

After 6 months of treatment, we observed a significant improvement of the clinical score for deep and superficial wrinkles, suppleness, firmness, roughness and skin hydration.


Topical activity of ascorbic acid: from in vitro optimization to in vivo efficacy.

Application of 3% ascorbic acid in a 12-week placebo-controlled usage study indicated a significant reduction of facial wrinkles.


A topical antioxidant solution containing vitamins C and E stabilized by ferulic acid provides protection for human skin against damage caused by ultraviolet irradiation.

CEFer provided substantial UV photoprotection for skin. It is particularly effective for reducing thymine dimer mutations known to be associated with skin cancer.


Prospective randomized double-blind comparative study of topical acetyl zingerone with tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate versus tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate alone on facial photoaging.

Daily use of combined THDA and AZ may improve facial wrinkle severity, pigment intensity, and erythema to a greater extent than THDA. While THDA alone increases facial wrinkle severity and erythema, the addition of AZ reduces both.


Cosmeceuticals for antiaging: a systematic review of safety and efficacy.

Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic) Serum;Bakuchiol Retinol-Alternative Cream

Retinol and vitamin C for antiaging received a Grade A for recommendation.


Efficacy of topical vitamin C in melasma and photoaging: A systematic review.

This study revealed that vitamin C is effective in treating uneven, wrinkled skin and has depigmenting properties, but long-term use may be needed to achieve noticeable changes.


The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health.

Normal skin contains high concentrations of vitamin C, which supports important and well-known functions, stimulating collagen synthesis and assisting in antioxidant protection against UV-induced photodamage.


Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications.

It also has an antiaging effect by increasing collagen synthesis, stabilizing collagen fibers, and decreasing collagen degradation. It decreases melanin formation, thereby reducing pigmentation.


Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin.

Its incorporation into a topical solution of 15%l-ascorbic acid and 1%alpha-tocopherol improved chemical stability of the vitamins (C+E) and doubled photoprotection to solar-simulated irradiation of skin from 4-fold to approximately 8-fold as measured by both erythema and sunburn cell formation.


Protective effects of a topical antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin against ultraviolet-induced photodamage in human skin.

This study confirms the protective role of a unique mixture of antioxidants containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin on human skin from the harmful effects of UV irradiation.

unfavorable-cue: "harmful" | favorable-cue: "protective"


In vivo evaluation of topical ascorbic acid application on skin aging by 50 MHz ultrasound.

Our findings suggest that collagen synthesis significantly increased after topical therapy with AA, which was responsible for the increment in dermal echogenicity.


Interventions for photodamaged skin.

One small within-patient study showed benefit from topical ascorbic acid compared with placebo.


Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin.

Niacinamide was well tolerated by the skin and provided significant improvements versus control in end points evaluated previously: fine lines/wrinkles, hyperpigmentation spots, texture, and red blotchiness. In addition, skin yellowing (sallowness) versus control was significantly improved.


Evaluation of anti-wrinkle effects of a novel cosmetic containing niacinamide.

This cosmetic showed marked and moderate improvement in 64% of the subjects with a significant difference as compared with the control site (P < 0.001). Wrinkle grades in the tested area significantly reduced more than pre-application (P < 0.001) and the control (P < 0.001).


Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier.

Topical application of nicotinamide increased ceramide and free fatty acid levels in the stratum corneum, and decreased transepidermal water loss in dry skin.


Moisturizing effects of topical nicotinamide on atopic dry skin.

Nicotinamide significantly decreased transepidermal water loss, but white petrolatum did not show any significant effect. Both nicotinamide and white petrolatum increased stratum corneum hydration, but nicotinamide was significantly more effective than white petrolatum.

no-difference-cue: "did not show" | favorable-cue: "effective"


Two randomized, controlled, comparative studies of the stratum corneum integrity benefits of two cosmetic niacinamide/glycerin body moisturizers vs. conventional body moisturizers.

These studies establish the benefit of including niacinamide in a body moisturizer to improve the integrity of the stratum corneum and thus reduce cosmetic xerosis over time.


The effect of 2% niacinamide on facial sebum production.

The results of the Japanese study demonstrated that the SER of the two groups was not significantly different at baseline, but the 2% niacinamide treated group demonstrated significantly lowered SER after 2 and 4 weeks of application.

no-difference-cue: "was not significantly different"


A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention.

At 12 months, the rate of new nonmelanoma skin cancers was lower by 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4 to 38) in the nicotinamide group than in the placebo group (P=0.02).


Reduction in the appearance of facial hyperpigmentation by topical N-undecyl-10-enoyl-L-phenylalanine and its combination with niacinamide.

In both studies, the combination formulation was significantly more effective than the vehicle and the 5% niacinamide formulation in reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation after 8 weeks.


A randomized, controlled comparative study of the wrinkle reduction benefits of a cosmetic niacinamide/peptide/retinyl propionate product regimen vs. a prescription 0.02% tretinoin product regimen.

The cosmetic regimen significantly improved wrinkle appearance after 8 weeks relative to tretinoin, with comparable benefits after 24 weeks. The cosmetic regimen was significantly better tolerated than tretinoin through 8 weeks by all measures.


Topical Treatments for Melasma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) Serum;Topical Tranexamic Acid Serum

Cysteamine, triple combination therapy, and tranexamic acid received strong clinical recommendations for the treatment of melasma.


A single-center, randomized, controlled study on the efficacy of niacinamide-containing body emollients combined with cleansing gel in the treatment of mild atopic dermatitis.

The use of niacinamide-containing body emollients can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, quality of life, and skin barrier function in patients with mild AD.


Efficacy of a Topical Formulation on Skin Hydration and Barrier Function in Individuals With Xerosis: A 28-Day Randomized, Split-Leg, Untreated-Controlled Trial.

The topical formulation appeared to be an effective and well-tolerated emollient; however, the absence of a vehicle control precludes attribution of effects specifically to the active ingredients.


Randomized, double-blinded, vehicle-controlled, split-face study to evaluate the effects of topical application of a Gold Silk Sericin/Niacinamide/Signaline complex on biophysical parameters related to skin ageing.

The GSS complex produced significant single-variable (P < 0.05) improvements in SC hydration, barrier function, elasticity and surface topography compared with the Vehicle control.


Facilitating facial retinization through barrier improvement.

The results show that improving stratum corneum barrier function before beginning topical tretinoin therapy and continuing use of a barrier-enhancing cosmetic moisturizer during therapy facilitates the early phase of facial retinization and augments the treatment response.


An open-label, investigator-initiated, single-center, prospective, pilot clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of a skin whitening serum applied twice daily combined with a spot-preventing SPF50+ sunscreen in healthy female subjects with melasma hyperpigmentation.

All endpoints for melasma hyperpigmentation showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline to the end of the study.


Bakuchiol: a retinol-like functional compound revealed by gene expression profiling and clinically proven to have anti-aging effects.

The results showed that, after 12 weeks treatment, significant improvement in lines and wrinkles, pigmentation, elasticity, firmness and overall reduction in photo-damage was observed, without usual retinol therapy-associated undesirable effects.


Multidirectional activity of bakuchiol against cellular mechanisms of facial ageing - Experimental evidence for a holistic treatment approach.

In contrast to retinol, bakuchiol demonstrated high antioxidative efficacy. Levels of PGE2 and MIF were significantly decreased by both bakuchiol and retinol.


Applications of bakuchiol in dermatology: Systematic review of the literature.

In in vivo studies, BAK was used alone or in combination with other products resulting in a significant reduction in photodamage, hyperpigmentation, wrinkle scores, and acne severity.


Human Clinical Trials Using Topical Bakuchiol Formulations for the Treatment of Skin Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Trials lack methodologic rigor, which introduces a high risk of bias in reported outcomes. The use of combination topical formulations containing bakuchiol limits the comparison of bakuchiol's efficacy with retinoids.


The Use of Bakuchiol in Dermatology: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence.

Notably, bakuchiol does not cause common adverse effects seen with topical retinoids such as burning and scaling, permitting wider use in patients with sensitive skin.


Characteristics of bakuchiol - the compound with high biological activity and the main source of its acquisition -(L.) Medik.

Clinical studies confirm valuable cosmetological properties of bakuchiol, such as anti-ageing, anti-pigmentation and anti-acne effects.


Bakuchiol, a natural constituent and its pharmacological benefits.

It plays a strong potential role as an antioxidant with impressive abilities to remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).


Bakuchiol: A newly discovered warrior against organ damage.

Further, BAK effectively slows skin aging by preserving skin collagen.


A Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Topical Bakuchiol (UP256) Cream on Facial Acne.

UP256 significantly reduced the number of inflammatory lesions and improved existing PIH. UP256 was also cosmetically acceptable and well tolerated by all study subjects.


A dermocosmetic containing bakuchiol, Ginkgo biloba extract and mannitol improves the efficacy of adapalene in patients with acne vulgaris: result from a controlled randomized trial.

Differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) in favor of BGM complex for inflammatory lesions as well as IGA and seborrhea intensity.


Trichloroacetic acid model to accurately capture the efficacy of treatments for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

The results suggest that topical bakuchiol may decrease the severity of PIH.


Assessment of a new biological complex efficacy on dysseborrhea, inflammation, and Propionibacterium acnes proliferation.

At similar concentrations, bakuchiol has up to twice the antioxidative potential than vitamin E.


Epidermal and Dermal Hallmarks of Photoaging are Prevented by Treatment with Night Serum Containing Melatonin, Bakuchiol, and Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies.

We demonstrate that 3-in-1 NFS increases levels of filaggrin and aquaporin 3 in HEKs, and levels of collagen I and collagen III in HDFs in vitro.


Bakuchiol modulates acetylcholine synthesis and alleviates Aβ proteotoxicity.

Bakuchiol demonstrated significant elevation of ACh transmission, reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and extension of lifespan.


Interventions for rosacea.

There was high quality evidence to support the effectiveness of topical azelaic acid, topical ivermectin, brimonidine, doxycycline and isotretinoin for rosacea.


The efficacy and safety of minocycline, metronidazole, ivermectin, and azelaic acid in moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Azelaic acid 20% yielded the highest effect size (OR = 8.54, 95% CI: 2.48-29.45) and highest P-score (P score = 0.97) with respect to improvement in investigator global assessment (IGA) score.


Efficacy of Widely Used Topical Drugs for Rosacea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ivermectin is more effective than azelaic acid and metronidazole. Azelaic acid has a better efficacy profile than metronidazole according to included studies.


Interventions for rosacea.

Data pooled from three between-patient trials showed a clear improvement in the azelaic acid group; the rates of treatment success were approximately 70 to 80% versus 50% to 55% (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.82 to 3.28).


Interventions for rosacea.

Three trials provided data, based on participants' assessments, illustrating azelaic acid was more effective than placebo (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.76).


Effective and evidence-based management strategies for rosacea: summary of a Cochrane systematic review.

There was some evidence that topical metronidazole and azelaic acid were more effective than placebo.


A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of azelaic acid in the management of acne, rosacea, melasma and skin aging.

Meta-analyses within 20 rosacea studies demonstrated that erythema severity, inflammatory lesion counts, overall improvement, and treatment success (achieving skin clarity) were significantly improved with AA compared with vehicle after 12 weeks.


Azelaic acid (15% gel) in the treatment of acne rosacea.

Azelaic acid 15% gel is considered effective and safe as a therapy for inflammatory papulo-pustular rosacea and is suitable for use on all skin types.


Azelaic acid foam 15% in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study.

Results indicated that the new foam formulation of AzA is effective and well-tolerated in a population of patients with PPR.


A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial of azelaic acid foam 15% in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea.

The IGA success rate at EoT was significantly greater in the AzA foam group versus vehicle (P<.001; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). Likewise, nominal ILC change at EoT in the AzA foam group showed a significantly greater decrease versus vehicle (P<.001; F test).


Investigator-reported efficacy of azelaic acid foam 15% in patients with papulopustular rosacea: secondary efficacy outcomes from a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

This study was comprised of 961 participants with PPR. The results support the therapeutic superiority of AzA foam over vehicle foam.


Patient-reported outcomes of azelaic acid foam 15% for patients with papulopustular rosacea: secondary efficacy results from a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Self-reported global assessment of treatment response favored AzA foam over vehicle foam (P<.001), with 57.2% of the AzA foam group reporting excellent or good improvement versus 44.7% in the vehicle foam group.


Comparison of Topical 20% Azelaic Acid and 7.5% Dapsone in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Papulopustular Rosacea.

Within each group, comparisons of pre- and posttreatment IGA values, lesion counts, and erythema scores revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001 for all), indicating that both treatments were effective.


Efficacy of topical ivermectin and impact on quality of life in patients with papulopustular rosacea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In this meta-analysis, ivermectin showed higher efficacy than metronidazol, azelaic acid, and placebo measured by Investigator Global Assessment.


The multiple uses of azelaic acid in dermatology: mechanism of action, preparations, and potential therapeutic applications.

AZA is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and DNA synthesis, and is a scavenger of harmful free radicals and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils.


Azelaic acid reduced senescence-like phenotype in photo-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts: possible implication of PPARγ.

All together these data showed that AzA interferes with PUVA-induced senescence-like phenotype and its ability to activate PPAR-γ provides relevant insights into the anti-senescence mechanism.


Azelaic acid gel 15%: clinical versatility in the treatment of rosacea.

Azelaic acid (AzA), a naturally occurring substance, has many proposed mechanisms of action--antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory/antioxidant, and keratinolytic--that address the proposed components of rosacea pathophysiology and has demonstrated efficacy in subtype 2 rosacea.


Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study.

Treatment with AHAs caused an approximate 25% increase in skin thickness. The epidermis was thicker and papillary dermal changes included increased thickness, increased acid mucopolysaccharides, improved quality of elastic fibers, and increased density of collagen.


A double-blind randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of a daily glycolic acid 5% formulation in the treatment of photoaging.

There was statistically significant improvement favoring the active-cream in general skin texture and discoloration. There was a trend favoring glycolic acid in reduction of wrinkles, but this did not achieve statistical significance.


Comparative effect of short-term topical tretinoin and glycolic acid on mechanical properties of photodamaged facial skin in HRT-treated menopausal women.

Skin elasticity proved to be significantly higher at the tretinoin-treated site than at the glycolic acid-treated site.


A prospective study of anti-aging topical therapies using a quantitative method of assessment.

In particular, it confirmed the efficacy of glycolic acid in skin rejuvenation.


Biological effects of glycolic acid on dermal matrix metabolism mediated by dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes.

Our study shows that GA not only directly accelerates collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, but it also modulates matrix degradation and collagen synthesis through keratinocyte-released cytokines.


Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on the human skin of Japanese subjects: the rationale for chemical peeling.

Collagen I and procollagen I were increased after treatment with glycolic, lactic and citric acid in the upper dermis, but were not increased with acetic acid treatment.


Histopathological and ultrastructural effects of glycolic acid on rat skin.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical observations demonstrated that AHA treatment resulted in statistically significant increased thickness of the epidermis and an increase in numbers of active fibroblasts and in the amount of dense collagen, especially at higher dosages of AHA.


Chemical peels: what's new and what isn't new but still works well.

This results in epidermal regeneration and postinflammatory collagen neoformation with remodeling of collagen and elastic fibers and deposition of glycosaminoglycans in the dermis.


Combined retinol-lactose-glycolic acid effects on photoaged skin: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

In conclusion, our results demonstrate that topical application of a combination of retinol, lactose and glycolic acid has significantly improved the appearance of photodamaged skin.


Antiaging efficacy of a retinaldehyde-based cream compared with glycolic acid peel sessions: A randomized controlled study.

Efficacy of both treatments was similar in reducing crow's feet wrinkles depth (STm -7.61%, P = .0007 vs -4.34%, P = .0348; P = .3049 intergroup) and volume, crow's feet and periorbital wrinkle length, and number of fine lines and wrinkles at end of treatments.


Cosmetic use of three topical moisturizers following glycolic acid facial peels.

These studies have demonstrated the local tolerance and cosmetic efficacy of three moisturizing skin care products, when used for skin recovery after superficial chemical peeling on the face.


An Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Novel Enzyme Exfoliation Versus Glycolic Acid in Photodamage Treatment.

Group 2 improved in superficial fine lines at week 8 (-5.9, P=0.0428) and week 12 (-9.1, P=0.0019). Group 3 improved at week 12 in skin clarity (11.5, P = 0.0469) and skin roughness (-13.3, P = 0.0426), and in hyperpigmentation at week 8 (-9.4, P = 0.0462) and week 12 (-14.6, P= 0.0019).


Analytic assessment under ultraviolet light of actinic lentigines under bleaching treatment.

Data indicated a rapid bleaching effect arising as early as after 1 month of daily applications. The effect progressively increased over 3 months of therapy.


Glycolic acid peels versus amino fruit acid peels in the treatment of melasma.

The modified MASI scores at 3 and 6 months in both application areas decreased significantly from baseline (p<.05).


Efficacy of combination of glycolic acid peeling with topical regimen in treatment of melasma.

The group receiving the glycolic acid peel with topical regimen showed early and greater improvement than the group which was receiving topical regimen only.


The combination of glycolic acid peels with a topical regimen in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients: a comparative study.

A significant decrease in the MASI score from baseline to 21 weeks was observed in both groups (P <.001). The group receiving the glycolic acid peels showed a trend toward more rapid and greater improvement, with statistically significant results (P <.001).


Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment.

Topical application of all 0.1% HA formulations used in this study led to significant improvement in skin hydration and elasticity. Application of low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA was associated with significant reduction of wrinkle depth, which may be due to better penetration abilities of LMW HA.


Prospective, Randomized, Investigator-Blinded, Split-Face Evaluation of a Topical Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Serum for Post-Procedural Improvement of Skin Quality and Biomechanical Attributes.

Areas treated with RHA serum showed statistically significant improvements in skin surface topography and hydration compared to untreated areas.


Clinical Evaluation of a Multi-Modal Facial Serum That Addresses Hyaluronic Acid Levels in Skin.

Statistically-significant improvements in all facial skin attributes (weeks 4, 8, and 12), stratum corneum hydration (week 12), and transepidermal water loss (week 12) were observed.


Instrumental, clinical and subjective evaluation of the efficacy of a cosmetic treatment for home use.

The efficacy of the topical products is confirmed by subjective, clinical and instrumental assessment.


Assessment of the efficacy of a new complex antisensitive skin cream.

In addition, statistically significant improvement of skin hydration and texture parameters (eg, smoothness and roughness) was demonstrated.


Antiwrinkle efficacy of 1-ethyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide, an inducer of epidermal hyaluronan production.

Treatment with β-NAG2-formulated lotion significantly improved skin hydration and elasticity and reduced skin wrinkling in crow's foot areas when compared to the placebo formulation.


Inhibitory effects of Sanguisorba officinalis root extract on HYBID (KIAA1199)-mediated hyaluronan degradation and skin wrinkling.

Treatment with Sanguisorba officinalis root extract-formulated lotion significantly improved skin elasticity, and reduced skin wrinkling scores at the outer eye corner compared with the placebo formulation.


Evaluation of Antioxidants' Ability to Enhance Hyaluronic-acid Based Topical Moisturizers.

In skin, HA plays an essential role as a humectant, capable of binding up to 1,000 times its mass with water, providing skin with moisture and viscoelastic properties.


Hyaluronic acid, a promising skin rejuvenating biomedicine: A review of recent updates and pre-clinical and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic effects.

This has been achieved via soft tissue augmentation, improved skin hydration, collagen and elastin stimulation, and face volume restoration.


Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging.

The key molecule involved in skin moisture is hyaluronic acid (HA) that has unique capacity in retaining water.


A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of a Topical Combination Serum for the Improvement of Aged Skin.

Skin radiance, tone, smoothness, texture, and overall appearance improved significantly with continued use of the Test Product up to week 12.


Oral intake of a new full-spectrum hyaluronan improves skin profilometry and ageing: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Skin became more hydrated (+10.6%) and protected from dehydration, with a decrease in both wrinkle depth (-18.8%) and volume (-17.6%) and increase in elasticity and firmness (+5.1%).


Reduced melanoma after regular sunscreen use: randomized trial follow-up.

The reduction in invasive melanomas was substantial (n = 3 in active v 11 in control group; HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.97) compared with that for preinvasive melanomas (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.81).


Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use.

The sunscreen group had fewer new lesions (rate ratio, 0.62; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.71) and more remissions (odds ratio, 1.53; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.80) than the base-cream group.


Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers.

We were unable to demonstrate from the available evidence whether sunscreen was effective for the prevention of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).


Behavioral counseling to prevent skin cancer: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

On the basis of 1 fair-quality trial, regular sunscreen use can prevent squamous cell carcinoma, but it is yet unclear if it can prevent basal cell carcinoma or melanoma.


Daily Use of a Facial Broad Spectrum Sunscreen Over One-Year Significantly Improves Clinical Evaluation of Photoaging.

Clinical evaluations showed that all photoaging parameters improved significantly from baseline as early as Week 12 and the amelioration continued until Week 52.


The benefit of daily photoprotection.

Our in vivo results demonstrate the benefits of daily photoprotection using a day cream containing appropriate broad-spectrum sunscreens, which prevent solar UV-induced skin damages.


[Sunscreens. Protection against skin cancers and photoaging].

Experimental animal studies have unambiguously demonstrated that topical sunscreens can prevent squamous cell carcinoma and photoaging (damage of collagen and elastic fibers of the skin).


A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

Photoprotection has become integral in the prevention of keratinocyte cancer and photoaging.


Photoprotection beyond ultraviolet radiation: A review of tinted sunscreens.

Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against ultraviolet radiation but do not adequately protect against visible light.


Sunscreens - which and what for?

Inorganic sunscreens such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide have a wide spectral range of activity compared to most of the organic sunscreen products.


Skin ageing.

Daily Mineral SPF Sunscreen;Topical Alpha-Lipoic Acid Cream

Ultraviolet radiation in particular results in premature skin ageing, also referred to as extrinsic skin ageing or photoageing, which is the main cause of the changes associated with the ageing process in sun-exposed areas.


Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: still a burning issue.

In conclusion, sunscreen use leads to longer duration of sun exposure when sun exposure is intentional, but not when sun exposure is non intentional.


Comparative Effects of Sunscreens Alone vs Sunscreens Plus DNA Repair Enzymes in Patients With Actinic Keratosis: Clinical and Molecular Findings from a 6-Month, Randomized, Clinical Study.

At 6 months, CPDs decreased by 61% in the enzyme group and by 35% in the sunscreen group compared with baseline values (P < 0.001).


[Evidence-based cosmetics: concepts and applications in photoaging of the skin and xerosis].

the preventive effect of regularly applied dermocosmetic sun screens on the development of actinic keratosis could also be shown.


Sunscreens and Cosmetic Formulations Containing Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate and Rice Peptides for the Improvement of Skin Photoaging: A Double-blind, Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Study.

The results showed that the daily use of the formulations under study improved the skin conditions by increasing skin hydration and dermis echogenicity.


ARTICLE: Efficacy of Ceramide-Containing Formulations on UV-Induced Skin Surface Barrier Alterations.

Treatment with a ceramide-containing sunscreen and moisturizing cream routine reduced erythema and hyperpigmentation, improved skin hydration, and maintained normal superficial skin cells morphology and turnover after UVR.


GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration.

In cosmetic products, it has been found to tighten loose skin and improve elasticity, skin density, and firmness, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, reduce photodamage, and hyperpigmentation, and increase keratinocyte proliferation.


The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide.

GHK-Cu has been shown to promote skin remodeling, wound healing and regeneration, and has prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro and in vivo studies.


The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline.

Studies using the Broad Institute Connectivity Map show that GHK peptide modulates expression of multiple genes, resetting pathological gene expression patterns back to health.


The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health.

The human tripeptide GHK was discovered in 1973 as an activity in human albumin that caused old human liver tissue to synthesize proteins like younger tissue.


Effect of tripeptide-copper complexes on the process of skin wound healing and on cultured fibroblasts.

The products studied at a concentration of 10(-7) M, decreased cell reproduction and increased collagen expression.


Biotinylated GHK peptide incorporated collagenous matrix: A novel biomaterial for dermal wound healing in rats.

Wound contraction, increased cell proliferation, and high expression of antioxidant enzymes in PIC treated group indicate enhanced wound healing activity when compared to CF and CR groups.


In situ photo-crosslinkable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel embedded with GHK peptide nanofibers for bioactive wound healing.

The hydrogels provided a microenvironment that promoted the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and the activation of cytokines, leading to reduced inflammation and increased collagen expression during wound healing.


Food-Derived Tripeptide-Copper Self-Healing Hydrogel for Infected Wound Healing.

The GEK hydrogel, exhibiting both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, plays a hemostatic role by adhering to tissues and promoting neovascularization and serves as an optimal dressing for skin regeneration.


Biomimetic Hydrogel Scaffolds with Copper Peptide-Functionalized RADA16 Nanofiber Improve Wound Healing in Diabetes.

It shows that the functionalized nanofiber scaffolds significantly accelerated wound closure, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling both in healthy and diabetic mice.


Tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction.

Intra-articular supplementation with a bioactive small molecule GHK-Cu improved graft healing following ACLR in rat, but the beneficial effects could not last as treatment discontinued.


Effects of topical copper tripeptide complex on wound healing in an irradiated rat model.

Irradiated dorsal rat flaps treated with topical GHK-Cu gel demonstrated no difference in flap ischemia, blood vessel number or area, or VEGF expression compared to controls.


Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways.

GHK-Cu presented a protective effect in BLM-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting EMT progression and suppressing TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis.


The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cutripeptide complex attenuates lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6.

GHK-Cu can bind to PRDX6, thus attenuating lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis mice without significant systemic toxicity.


Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.

The results highlight copper's role in promoting the expression and release of certain trophic, angiogenic, and osteogenic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2).


Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine prevents copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation and central nervous system cell death in vitro.

Herein we demonstrate that the endogenous copper-binding tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) has the ability to bind to and reduce copper redox activity and to prevent copper- and zinc-induced cell death in vitro.


Effect of locally injected medications on healing of pad wounds in dogs.

At 14 days, the amount of type-I collagen in TCC-injected wounds was significantly greater than that in other wounds.


The clinical efficacy of cosmeceutical application of liquid crystalline nanostructured dispersions of alpha lipoic acid as anti-wrinkle.

Results indicated reduction in facial lines, almost complete resolution of fine lines in the periorbital region and upper lip area and overall improvement in skin color and texture in most volunteers. There were no instances of irritation, peeling or other apparent adverse side effects.


Low molecular weight antioxidants and their role in skin ageing.

However, controlled long-term studies on the efficacy of low molecular weight antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of skin ageing in humans are still lacking.


Molecular aspects of lipoic acid in the prevention of diabetes complications.

Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, are powerful antioxidants. LA scavenges hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, and singlet oxygen.


The pharmacology of the antioxidant lipoic acid.

Four antioxidant properties of lipoic acid have been studied: its metal chelating capacity, its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), its ability to regenerate endogenous antioxidants and its ability to repair oxidative damage.


Lipoic acid effects on established atherosclerosis.

Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is a commonly used dietary supplement that exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro.


Lipoic acid supplementation prevents angiotensin II-induced renal injury.

Our in vivo results suggest that lipoic acid protects against Ang II-induced renal injury through anti-inflammatory/antioxidative mechanisms. The effects are associated with decreased NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation, as well as improved thiol homeostasis.


Ascorbate-dependent recycling of the vitamin E homologue Trolox by dihydrolipoate and glutathione in murine skin homogenates.

In the redox antioxidant network, dihydrolipoate can synergistically enhance the ascorbate-dependent recycling of vitamin E.


Photoprotection by antioxidants against UVB-radiation-induced damage in pig skin organ culture.

The highest doses of antioxidants prevented UVB-radiation-induced lipid peroxidation; alpha-lipoic acid only tended to decrease lipid peroxidation.


Idebenone: a new antioxidant - Part I. Relative assessment of oxidative stress protection capacity compared to commonly known antioxidants.

the overall oxidative protection capacity scores of 95, 80, 68, 55, 52, and 41 were obtained for idebenone, dl-alpha tocopherol, kinetin, ubiquinone, L-ascorbic acid, and dl-alpha lipoic acid, respectively.


Hypo-collagenesis in photoaged skin predicts response to anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

Treatment outcome varied greatly among subjects, ranging from no improvement to a 7-fold increase in collagenesis.


A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the clinical efficacy of oral treatment with DermaVite on ageing symptoms of the skin.

There was a significant improvement in skin quality in both objective and subjective parameters after treatment with Dermavite compared with placebo.


Is CO2 an indoor pollutant? Direct effects of low-to-moderate CO2 concentrations on human decision-making performance.

Relative to 600 ppm, at 1,000 ppm CO2, moderate and statistically significant decrements occurred in six of nine scales of decision-making performance. At 2,500 ppm, large and statistically significant reductions occurred in seven scales of decision-making performance


Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments.

On average, cognitive scores were 61% higher on the Green building day and 101% higher on the two Green+ building days than on the Conventional building day (p < 0.0001). VOCs and CO2 were independently associated with cognitive scores.


Airplane pilot flight performance on 21 maneuvers in a flight simulator under varying carbon dioxide concentrations.

the odds of passing a maneuver as rated by the Examiner in the simulator were 1.52 (95% CI: 1.02-2.25) times higher when pilots were exposed to 1500 ppm and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.11-2.55) times higher when exposed to 700 ppm, controlling for maneuver difficulty, Examiner and order of maneuvers.


Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Ventilation on Intellectual Productivity.

The results show that the task performance speed improved, SMD: 0.18 (95% CI: 0.10-0.26), and the error rate decreased, SMD: -0.05 (95% CI: -0.11-0.00), with an increase in ventilation rate.


School-Based Interventions to Support Healthy Indoor and Outdoor Environments for Children: A Systematic Review.

Increasing ventilation rates improved short-term indoor air quality in classrooms, but the effect on cognitive performance was inconsistent.


Physiological responses, self-reported health effects, and cognitive performance during exposure to carbon dioxide at 20 000 ppm.

No significant changes in heart rate, CFF, task performance or acute health were found.

no-difference-cue: "no significant changes"


Economic, Environmental and Health Implications of Enhanced Ventilation in Office Buildings.

The same change in ventilation improved the performance of workers by 8%, equivalent to a $6500 increase in employee productivity each year.


The effect of increased classroom ventilation rate indicated by reduced CO2 concentration on the performance of schoolwork by children.

the number of correct answers was improved significantly in four of four performance test, addition (6.3%), number comparison (4.8%), grammatical reasoning (3.2%), and reading and comprehension (7.4%)


Classroom carbon dioxide concentration, school attendance, and educational attainment.

Time Weighted Average CO2 concentrations were inversely associated with school attendance but not academic attainments.


A preliminary study on the association between ventilation rates in classrooms and student performance.

Results from this preliminary study yield a significant (P < 0.10) association between classroom-level ventilation rate and test results in math.


The effect of air quality on sleep and cognitive performance in school children aged 10-12 years: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

There were no significant exposure effects on cognitive performance.

no-difference-cue: "no significant exposure effects"


The effects of bedroom air quality on sleep and next-day performance.

Objectively measured sleep quality and the perceived freshness of bedroom air improved significantly when the CO2 level was lower, as did next-day reported sleepiness and ability to concentrate and the subjects' performance of a test of logical thinking.


Association of bedroom particulate matter, sleep quality and next-day physical performance.

For young people, maintaining a clean and well-ventilated sleeping environment that minimizes indoor particulate matter exposure is essential for ensuring good sleep quality and safeguarding physical health.


Rebreathing during CPAP therapy and its implications in obstructive sleep apnea.

Elevated environmental carbon dioxide (CO) levels can have important health impacts, including increased anxiety, impaired high-level cognitive performance, reduced sleep quality, and decreased next-day alertness, especially in children.

unfavorable-cue: "impaired" | favorable-cue: "increased anxiety, impaired high-level cognitive"


Air Pollution and Mortality in the Medicare Population.

In the entire Medicare population, there was significant evidence of adverse effects related to exposure to PMand ozone at concentrations below current national standards. This effect was most pronounced among self-identified racial minorities and people with low income.


Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe.

A common CRF suggested a monotonically increased risk down to the lowest exposure level.


Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality: a national health insurance cohort study.

The association with long-term PM2.5 (2-year moving average) was prominent in mortalities related to diabetes mellitus [hazard ratio (HR): 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.06)], circulatory diseases [HR: 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.03)] and cancer [HR: 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.02)].


Mortality Attributable to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter: Insights from the Epidemiologic Evidence for Understudied Locations.

Epidemiologic cohort studies have consistently demonstrated that long-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM) is associated with mortality.


Particulate matter air pollution and national and county life expectancy loss in the USA: A spatiotemporal analysis.

These deaths would lower national life expectancy by an estimated 0.15 years (0.13-0.17) for women and 0.13 years (0.11-0.15) for men.


National and provincial burden of disease attributable to fine particulate matter air pollution in China, 1990-2021: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Stroke, ischaemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the leading three causes.


PM2.5 and Cardiovascular Health Risks.

Increased exposure to PM 2.5 levels is significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease mortality.


Effect of Air Pollution on Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Available evidence highlighted adverse associations between air pollution and HF regardless of short- and long-term exposure.


Air pollution and venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis.

Therefore, this meta analysis does not suggest the possible role of air pollution as risk factor for venous thrombosis in general population.


Air Pollution and Dementia: A Systematic Review.

Greater exposure to PM2.5, NO2/NOx, and CO were all associated with increased risk of dementia.


Putting Fine Particulate Matter and Dementia in the Wider Context of Noncommunicable Disease: Where are We Now and What Should We Do Next: A Systematic Review.

For those articles reporting on incident dementia, all reported on longer term exposure and 5 of the 7 eligible articles found PM2.5 to be associated with increased risk.


Air Pollution and Cognitive Impairment across the Life Course in Humans: A Systematic Review with Specific Focus on Income Level of Study Area.

The Lancet Commission (2020) has recognized air pollution as a risk factor for dementia.


Fine particulate matter exposure and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

In the case of site-specific cancers, the pooled HRs were 1.11 (95 %CI:1.07-1.15), 1.06 (95 %CI:1.02-1.11), 1.17 (95 %CI:1.07-1.28), and 1.14 (95 %CI:1.03-1.26) for lung, breast, liver and esophageal cancers, respectively.


Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice.

In conclusion, acute exposure to low doses of fine PM induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress and worsened lung impedance and histology in a dose-dependent pattern in mice.


Effects of indoor coal fine particulate matter on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in ovalbumin-induced mice.

Indoor coal PM2.5 was sufficient by itself to cause inflammatory cellular infiltration of pulmonary tissue, leading to organelle injury and physiological structure change.


Cardiopulmonary benefits of reducing indoor particles of outdoor origin: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial of air purifiers.

On average, air purification resulted in a 57% reduction in PM2.5 concentration, from 96.2 to 41.3 μg/m3, within hours of operation.


A randomized double-blind crossover study of indoor air filtration and acute changes in cardiorespiratory health in a First Nations community.

In general, our findings suggest that reducing indoor PM2.5 may contribute to improved lung function in First Nations communities.


Water disinfection by-products and bladder cancer: is there a European specificity? A pooled and meta-analysis of European case-control studies.

A significant odds-ratio was observed for men exposed to an average residential TTHM level > 50 μg/l (OR = 1.47 (1.05; 2.05)) when compared to men exposed to levels ≤ 5 μg/l.


Evaluating Evidence for Association of Human Bladder Cancer with Drinking-Water Chlorination Disinfection By-Products.

Urinary bladder cancer has been the health risk most consistently associated with CxDBPs in epidemiologic studies.


Drowning in disinfection byproducts? Assessing swimming pool water.

A 1.6-2.0-fold increased risk for bladder cancer has been associated with swimming or showering/bathing with chlorinated water.


Exposure to trihalomethanes through different water uses and birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm delivery in Spain.

We estimated that 89% of residential chloroform and 96% of brominated THM uptakes were from showering/bathing.


Patterns of water use and exposure to trihalomethanes among children in Spain.

As drinking water was mainly bottled and bathing was infrequent, showering and swimming in pools were the main pathways of THM exposure.


Exposures to drinking water chlorination by-products in a Russian city.

The mean concentration of chloroform was 3.2 micrograms/m3 in exhaled air samples collected before showering and 110 micrograms/m3 after showering.


Exposure to inhaled THM: comparison of continuous and event-specific exposure assessment for epidemiologic purposes.

Chloroform was the THM with the highest concentrations in the air of both bathrooms and indoor swimming pools.


The relationship between water concentrations and individual uptake of chloroform: a simulation study.

The correlation between simulated uptakes and home tap chloroform concentration was 0.6. Mothers who swam regularly received far greater doses than did nonswimmers.


Trimester-Specific Blood Trihalomethane and Urinary Haloacetic Acid Concentrations and Adverse Birth Outcomes: Identifying Windows of Vulnerability during Pregnancy.

Blood TCM concentrations in mid to late pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of SGA, whereas other biomarkers of DBPs examined across pregnancy were not associated with birth outcomes.

unfavorable-cue: "increased risk" | no-difference-cue: "were not associated"


Environmental contaminants and pregnancy outcomes.

Environmental contaminants found associated with increased risk of one or more of the endpoints include: tobacco smoke, carbon monoxide, air pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides, chlorination byproducts, and solvents.


An outbreak of swimming-pool related respiratory symptoms: An elusive source of trichloramine in a municipal indoor swimming pool.

A high prevalence of airway hyperreactivity, accompanied by symptoms of upper and lower airways, was detected in swimmers who had been repeatedly exposed to high trichloramine concentrations.


Chlorine exposure and intensive exercise induces airway hyperreactivity in a 3-week murine exercise model.

Our 3-week swimming murine model mimics intensive swimming in chlorinated water with the presence of airway hyperreactivity in mice swimming in chlorinated water in the absence of airway inflammation and airway epithelial damage.


US drinking water quality: exposure risk profiles for seven legacy and emerging contaminants.

In this review, we summarize exposure risk profiles and health effects for seven legacy and emerging drinking water contaminants or contaminant groups: arsenic, disinfection by-products, fracking-related substances, lead, nitrate, per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and uranium.


Assessing the human health impacts of exposure to disinfection by-products--a critical review of concepts and methods.

The possible population health impacts associated with exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) are of particular interest due to their potential carcinogenicity and their widespread occurrence as a result of treatments employed to control waterborne infectious disease.


Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

An intake increment of 100 mg Mg/d was associated with an 8% reduction in risk of total stroke (combined RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), without heterogeneity among studies (P = 0.66, I(2) = 0%).


Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

the summary relative risks of T2D and mortality per 100 mg/day increment in magnesium intake were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77-0.86) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81-0.99), respectively.


Association between intakes of magnesium, potassium, and calcium and risk of stroke: 2 cohorts of US women and updated meta-analyses.

High intakes of magnesium and potassium but not calcium were also significantly associated with reduced risk of stroke in women.


Drinking water magnesium and cardiovascular mortality: A cohort study in Denmark, 2005-2016.

Low concentrations of magnesium in drinking water were associated with an increased mortality due to acute myocardial infarction.


Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and death from acute myocardial infarction in women.

The results suggest that magnesium and calcium in drinking water are important protective factors for death from acute myocardial infarction among women.


Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from acute myocardial infarction in Taiwan.

The results of the present study show that there is a significant protective effect of calcium intake from drinking water on the risk of death from AMI.


Magnesium in drinking water supplies and mortality from acute myocardial infarction in north west England.

No evidence was found of an association between magnesium concentrations in drinking water supplies and mortality from acute myocardial infarction.


The Relationship between Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases and Total Drinking Water Hardness: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

The quantitative analysis concluded that high drinking water hardness has a significantly lowering effect on mortality from CVDs, however, the heterogeneity was high.

favorable-cue: "significantly lowering effect on mortality"


Domestic water hardness, genetic risk, and distinct phenotypes of cardiovascular disease.

Hard water (121-180 mg/L) may offer the most benefits compared to soft water when considering overall cardiovascular health, including AF, HF, CHD, and stroke.


Does water hardness have preventive effect on cardiovascular disease?

Our study suggests favorable protective effects of water hardness, mainly water magnesium content, on CVDs.


Health effects of desalinated water: Role of electrolyte disturbance in cancer development.

It considers the growing use of desalination (demineralization) technologies in drinking water treatment which often results in tap water with very low concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium.


[Pay attention to the human health risk of drinking low mineral water].

the associations of magnesium in water with cardiovascular disease, as well as calcium in water with osteoporosis, are well proved by sufficient evidence.


Serum Magnesium and Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC).

Low and high magnesium levels were associated with greater rates of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographics, comorbid conditions, medications including diuretics, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria

unfavorable-cue: "greater rates of all-cause mortality"


Water hardness and digestive diseases: a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study.

Higher levels of water hardness (>180 mg/L CaCO 3 ) were inversely associated with the risk of several digestive conditions, including dyspepsia, constipation, and gallbladder disease, when compared to exposure to soft water.


Indirect health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments.

The majority of adverse health effects caused by relative humidity would be minimized by maintaining indoor levels between 40 and 60%.


Health, work performance, and risk of infection in office-like environments: The role of indoor temperature, air humidity, and ventilation.

Relative humidity between 40 and 60% appears optimal for health, work performance, and lower risk of infection.


Low ambient humidity impairs barrier function and innate resistance against influenza infection.

We find that inhalation of dry air impairs mucociliary clearance, innate antiviral defense, and tissue repair.


Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature.

Twenty experiments performed at relative humidities from 20% to 80% and 5 degrees C, 20 degrees C, or 30 degrees C indicated that both cold and dry conditions favor transmission.


Transmission of a 2009 pandemic influenza virus shows a sensitivity to temperature and humidity similar to that of an H3N2 seasonal strain.

Herein we show that aerosol transmission of a 2009 pandemic strain shows a dependence on relative humidity and temperature very similar to that of a seasonal H3N2 influenza virus.


Mechanistic insights into the effect of humidity on airborne influenza virus survival, transmission and incidence.

we present a mechanistic explanation based on droplet evaporation and its impact on droplet physics and chemistry for why RH is more likely than AH to modulate virus survival and transmission.


Relative Humidity and Its Impact on the Immune System and Infections.

RH primarily affects the rheological properties of the mucus, modifying its osmolarity and thus the mucociliary clearance.


Modeling the impact of indoor relative humidity on the infection risk of five respiratory airborne viruses.

Humidification will have a potential benefit in decreasing the infection risk only for influenza when there is a large infection risk decrease for humidifying from 20 to 50%.


Estimating the impact of indoor relative humidity on SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk using a new modification of the Wells-Riley model.

The present results show that humidification to moderate levels of 40%-60% RH should not be expected to provide a significant reduction in infection risk caused by SARS-CoV-2, hence installing and running humidifiers may not be an efficient solution to reduce the risk of COVID-19 disease in indoor spaces.


Dry eye exacerbation in patients exposed to desiccating stress under controlled environmental conditions.

Adult patients with mild-to-moderate dry eye and asymptomatic subjects of similar ages can experience acute exacerbation in an environmental chamber that resembles the sudden worsening that patients with dry eye experience daily.


Ambient humidity and the skin: the impact of air humidity in healthy and diseased states.

Epidemiological studies indicated an increase in eczema with low internal (indoors) humidity and an increase in eczema with external high humidity.


A study on indoor environment contaminants related to dust mite in dwellings of allergic asthma patients and of healthy subjects.

Relative humidity in dwellings was found to be most influential to the allergen levels.


Bright Light Therapy for Nonseasonal Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

statistically significant better remission and response rates were found in the BLT group (remission: 40.7% vs 23.5%; odds ratio [OR], 2.42; 95% CI, 1.50-3.91; P <.001; I2 = 21%; response: 60.4% vs 38.6%; OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.46-3.75; P <.001; I2 = 41%).


Light therapy for non-seasonal depression: systematic review and meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis including 881 participants from 20 RCTs demonstrated a beneficial effect of light therapy in non-seasonal depression (standardised mean difference in depression score -0.41 (95% CI -0.64 to -0.18)).


Adjunctive Bright Light Therapy for Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Compared with the placebo light group, the group treated with bright white light experienced a significantly higher remission rate (68.2% compared with 22.2%; adjusted odds ratio=12.6) at weeks 4-6 and significantly lower depression scores (9.2 [SD=6.6] compared with 14.9 [SD=9.2]; adjusted β=-5.91) at the endpoint visit.

favorable-cue: "significantly lower depression"


The effect of bright light therapy on major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Results on 15 RCTs between 1996 and 2024 with 883 patients showed positive effects of BLT on alleviating depressive symptoms (SMD = 0.48, 95 % CI [0.22, 0.74], p <.001).


Light therapy in non-seasonal depression: An update meta-analysis.

A total of 23 RCTs with 1120 participants were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated the light therapy was significantly more effective than comparative treatments.


Light Therapy for Patients With Bipolar Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

There is positive but nonconclusive evidence that adjunctive light therapy reduces symptoms of bipolar depression and increases clinical response. Light therapy is well tolerated with no increased risk of affective switch.


Treatment measures for seasonal affective disorder: A network meta-analysis.

The meta-analysis revealed that phototherapy was significantly more effective than other intervention groups or control therapies, with an effect size of 4.64(2.38,7.03).


Bright Light Therapy in the Morning or Midday for the Treatment of Nonseasonal Depression in Bipolar Disorder (LuBi): A Dose-Escalation Phase 1/2 Randomized Double-Blind Trial.

BLT is a viable antidepressant strategy for BD, safely starting at 45 minutes regardless of timing.


Subclinical alterations of resting state functional brain network for adjunctive bright light therapy in nonseasonal major depressive disorder: A double blind randomized controlled trial.

Compared with the dRL group, the BTL group showed significantly increased functional connectivity after treatment within the DMN, FPN, SN, and SMN.

favorable-cue: "significantly increased functional"


Light therapy for sleep disturbances in older adults with dementia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

The meta-analysis revealed that light therapy significantly reduced night-time awakenings (p = 0.04), enhanced sleep quality (p = 0.01) and increased relative amplitude (p = 0.01) with a small to medium effect (g = 0.26-0.43).


Increased light exposure consolidates sleep and strengthens circadian rhythms in severe Alzheimer's disease patients.

Results showed that both morning and evening bright light resulted in more consolidated sleep at night, as measured with wrist actigraphy.


Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder.

Bright light therapy reduced the risk of SAD incidence by 36%; however, the 95% confidence interval (CI) was very broad and included both possible effect sizes in favour of bright light therapy and those in favour of no light therapy (risk ratio (RR) 0.64, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.38).


An hour of bright white light in the early morning improves performance and advances sleep and circadian phase during the Antarctic winter.

During light exposure circadian phase was advanced from 4.97 ± 0.96 decimal hours (dh) (mean ± SD) to 4.08 ± 0.68 dh (p = 0.003).


Circadian rhythm abnormalities.

Recent evidence strongly points to the ubiquitous influence of circadian timing in nearly all physiologic functions. Thus, in addition to the prominent sleep and wake disturbances, circadian rhythm disorders are associated with cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, and increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders.


Multimodal in-vehicle lighting system increases daytime light exposure and alertness in truck drivers under Arctic winter conditions.

objective alertness (i.e., psychomotor vigilance) before and after driving was significantly improved by bright light exposure. This effect was accompanied by improved subjective alertness in the morning.


Light therapy for managing cognitive, sleep, functional, behavioural, or psychiatric disturbances in dementia.

There is insufficient evidence to assess the value of light therapy for people with dementia. Most of the available studies are not of high methodological quality and further research is required.


Tranexamic acid as a therapeutic option for melasma management: meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

TXA significantly reduced melasma severity, evidenced by reductions in MASI, mMASI, MI, and hemi-MASI scores. Oral TXA showed the most substantial decrease in MASI scores, followed by injections and topical applications.


Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Melasma: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.

Pooled data from tranexamic acid-only observational studies with pre- and post-treatment Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) showed a decrease of 1.60 in MASI (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-2.00; p<0.001)


Tranexamic Acid for Adults with Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The combined results showed that the use of TA was associated with reduced Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and Melanin Index (MI). No significant difference in Erythema Index (EI) was observed with TA treatment.

no-difference-cue: "no significant difference" | favorable-cue: "associated with reduced"


Topical Treatments for Melasma and Their Mechanism of Action.

Topical cysteamine and TA are newer options that can be incorporated as adjuvant and maintenance treatments into a patient's regimen.


Microneedling as an adjuvant to topical therapies for melasma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Compared to topical therapy alone, topical therapy with microneedling resulted in an additional improvement in melasma severity with a moderate effect at 8 weeks and a large effect at 12-16 weeks.


The efficacy and safety of microneedling with topical tranexamic acid for melasma treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

microneedling with topical TXA is an alternative treatment option for melasma treatment; and more well-designed studies are needed to confirm it.


Efficacy and safety of laser-assisted delivery of tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The meta-analysis found that the laser-assisted delivery of TXA is a new effective and safe treatment option for melasma treatment.


The effectiveness and safety of 3% tranexamic acid cream vs. 4% hydroquinone cream for mixed-type melasma in skin of color: a double-blind, split-face, randomized controlled trial.

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat

Topical 3% TA is as effective and safe as 4% HQ for treating melasma in the Indonesian population, with potential advantages in terms of side-effect profiles.


Topical tranexamic acid as a promising treatment for melasma.

This study's results introduce the topical TA as an effective and safe medication for the treatment of melasma.


Comparison of therapeutic effects of liposomal Tranexamic Acid and conventional Hydroquinone on melasma.

On the basis of these results, topical liposomal TA can be used as a new, effective, safe, and promising therapeutic agent in melasma.


Efficacy of microneedling plus topical 4% tranexamic acid solution vs 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma: A single-blind randomized clinical trial.

In our study, the combination of microneedling with tranexamic acid did not differ from 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma.


Topical trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid prevents ultraviolet radiation-induced pigmentation.

These results suggest that trans-AMCHA reduces melanocyte tyrosinase activity by suppressing the production of PGs, UV-induced melanogens, through the suppression of the UV-induced increase in epidermal plasmin activity.


Tranexamic acid can treat ultraviolet radiation-induced pigmentation in guinea pigs.

We concluded that tranexamic acid has no effect on the number of melanocytes, it is likely that it affects the function of melanocytes, to inhibit the melanin expression in order to lighten moth patches.


The relationship between transportation noise exposure and ischemic heart disease: a meta-analysis.

Pooled relative risk for IHD was 1.06 (1.03-1.09) per 10dB increase in noise exposure with the linear exposure-response starting at 50dB.


The Cardiovascular Effects of Noise.

A current meta-analysis commissioned by the World Health Organization concludes that road-traffic noise elevates the incidence of coronary heart disease by 8% per 10 dB(A) increase starting at 50 dB(A) (95% confidence interval [1,01; 1,15]).


Association between transportation noise and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies among adult populations from 1980 to 2010.

It can be concluded that though the association between transportation noise exposure and cardiovascular disease is evident, but not at a significant level.


Residential road traffic noise as a risk factor for hypertension in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of analytic studies published in the period 2011-2017.

In conclusion, residential road traffic noise was associated with higher risk of hypertension in adults, but the risk was lower than previously reported in the systematic review literature.


Road traffic noise and cardiovascular disease risk factors in UK Biobank.

Exposure to road traffic noise >65 dB[A], independent of nitrogen dioxide, was associated with small but adverse changes in blood pressure and cardiovascular biochemistry.


A neurobiological mechanism linking transportation noise to cardiovascular disease in humans.

Our findings suggest that noise exposure associates with MACE via a mechanism that begins with increased stress-associated limbic (amygdalar) activity and includes heightened arterial inflammation that merits further evaluation in a prospective population.


Acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise and cardiovascular complications and sleep disturbance-results from a pooled analysis of human field studies.

Acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased mean arterial pressure, and sleep disturbance.


The relation of nocturnal exposure to aircraft noise and aircraft noise-induced insomnia with blood pressure.

Noise-exposed individuals had higher diastolic BP at night than those unexposed (64.6 mm Hg vs 61.7 mm Hg; P = 0.03).


Transportation noise pollution and cardiovascular disease.

According to the WHO, ≥1.6 million healthy life-years are lost annually from traffic-related noise in Western Europe.


Noise and Air Pollution as Risk Factors for Hypertension: Part I-Epidemiology.

Both environmental stressors have been found to cause endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, circadian dysfunction, and activation of the autonomic nervous system, thereby facilitating the development of hypertension.


A comprehensive review/expert statement on environmental risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

Recent translational and epidemiological studies show that chronic exposure to transport noise increases the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure.


Environmental Noise-Induced Effects on Stress Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Dysfunction: Key Factors in the Relationship between Cerebrocardiovascular and Psychological Disorders.

Underlying mechanisms of noise-induced mental stress are centered on increased stress hormone levels, blood pressure, and heart rate, which in turn favor the development of cerebrocardiovascular disease such as stroke, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and myocardial infarction.


Impact of white noise on sleep quality across age groups and in critically ill/non-critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Among adult and older adult patients, white noise significantly lowered PSQI scores, indicating effective improvement in their sleep quality.


Non-pharmacological interventions to promote the sleep of patients after cardiac surgery: a systematic review.

Significant improvement was found in the scores assessing sleep quality among studies testing interventions such as earplugs, sleeping masks, muscle relaxation, posture and relaxation training, white noise, and educational strategies.


Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank.

Habitual use of glucosamine supplement to relieve osteoarthritis pain might also be related to lower risks of CVD events.


Glucosamine Use, Inflammation, and Genetic Susceptibility, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study in UK Biobank.

Glucosamine use was associated with a significantly lower risk of T2D (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.89) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, race, center, Townsend deprivation index, lifestyle factors, history of disease, and other supplement use.

favorable-cue: "significantly lower risk"


Association between use of specialty dietary supplements and C-reactive protein concentrations.

Using survey-weighted multivariate linear regression, significant reductions in hs-CRP concentrations were associated with regular use of glucosamine (17%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7, 26), chondroitin (22%, 95% CI: 8, 33), and fish oil (16%, 95% CI: 0.3, 29).


Effectiveness and Safety of Glucosamine in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

To summarize, glucosamine is more effective than a placebo at reducing pain in knee osteoarthritis patients. In long-term treatment, oral glucosamine sulfate 1500 mg/day is believed to be well tolerated.


Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive meta-analysis.

Our results demonstrated a highly significant efficacy of glucosamine on all outcomes, including joint space narrowing and WOMAC.


Glucosamine long-term treatment and the progression of knee osteoarthritis: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

D-Glucosamine;Osteo Bi-Flex (Triple Strength + Joint Shield)

Glucosamine sulfate was more effective than placebo in delaying structural progression in knee OA. The risk of disease progression was reduced by 54% (pooled RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.73; p = 0.0011).


Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and their combination regimen in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

D-Glucosamine;Osteo Bi-Flex (Triple Strength + Joint Shield);Glucosamine + Chondroitin (+ MSM)

In the meta-analysis, CS showed a significant reduction in pain intensity, and improved physical function compared to the placebo; GS showed a significant reduction in tibiofemoral joint space narrowing.


Comparative Efficacy of Glucosamine-Based Combination Therapies in Alleviating Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

D-Glucosamine;MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane);Glucosamine + Chondroitin (+ MSM)

Glucosamine with omega-3 (G + omega-3, SMD -2.59 [95% CI -4.42 to -0.75], moderate quality) and glucosamine with ibuprofen (G + ibuprofen, SMD -2.27 [95% CI -3.73 to -0.82], moderate quality) significantly reduced overall pain compared to placebo.

favorable-cue: "significantly reduced overall pain"


Randomized, controlled trial of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis of the knee.

Glucosamine was no better than placebo in reducing pain from osteoarthritis of the knee in this group of patients.


Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled glucosamine discontinuation trial in knee osteoarthritis.

In patients with knee OA with at least moderate subjective improvement with prior glucosamine use, this study provides no evidence of symptomatic benefit from continued use of glucosamine sulfate.


GlyNAC (Glycine and-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation Improves Impaired Mitochondrial Fuel Oxidation and Lowers Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Pilot Study.

GlyNAC supplementation significantly improved fasted MFO by 30% (< 0.001), lowered MGO by 47% (< 0.01), decreased IR by 22% (< 0.01) and lowered FFA by 25% (< 0.01).


Supplementing Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Aging HIV Patients Improves Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, Genotoxicity, Strength, and Cognition: Results of an Open-Label Clinical Trial.

Nutritional supplementation with GlyNAC improves comorbidities suggestive of premature aging in PWH including functional and cognitive decline, and warrants additional investigation.


Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure.

Individuals treated with glycine showed a 25% decrease in TBARS compared with the placebo-treated group.


Medical and Dietary Uses of N-Acetylcysteine.

Although NAC is considered a safe substance, the results among clinical trials are sometimes controversial or incomplete, like for many other antioxidants.


Overview on the Effects of-Acetylcysteine in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

NAC is a glutathione precursor and shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition to the uses quoted in the literature, NAC may be considered helpful in therapies to counteract neurodegenerative and mental health diseases.


Supplementation with vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.

This acute human inflammatory model strongly suggests that vitamin C and NAC supplementation immediately post-injury, transiently increases tissue damage and oxidative stress.


Glycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults.

Evidence on NAC suggests context-dependent effects, with supplementation improving glutathione availability, fatigue resistance, and exercise performance in individuals with low baseline glutathione, while results remain inconsistent in healthy populations.


Efficacy and Safety of Glutathione Supplementation in Patients with HIV Infection and HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infection.

These interventions have shown consistent safety and tolerability across diverse populations, including individuals receiving complex antiretroviral and antitubercular regimens, with gastrointestinal discomfort being the most commonly reported adverse effect and serious toxicities remaining rare.


Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effects of probiotics on type 2 diabetes in adults.

Compared with single-strain and low-dose probiotics, multi-strain and high-dose probiotics have a greater beneficial effect on glycemic homeostasis. In addition, probiotic treatment may be more effective in patients with a high baseline body mass index and age.


Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Clinically Diagnosed Samples: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Probiotics demonstrated a significant reduction in depression symptoms (SMD: -0.96; 95% CI: -1.31, -0.61) and a moderate reduction in anxiety symptoms (SMD: -0.59; 95% CI: -0.98, -0.19).

favorable-cue: "reduction in depression"


Efficacy of probiotics on stress in healthy volunteers: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.

Current evidence suggests that probiotics can reduce subjective stress level in healthy volunteers and may alleviate stress-related subthreshold anxiety/depression level, without significant effect on cortisol level


Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

The present work revealed that probiotics could improve intestinal barrier function, and alleviate inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted to achieve a more definitive conclusion.


Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Probiotics reduced the incidence of AAD by 38% (pooled relative risk, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.74).


Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

An a priori available case subgroup analysis exploring heterogeneity indicated that high dose (≥ 5 billion CFUs per day) is more effective than low probiotic dose (< 5 billion CFUs per day), interaction P value = 0.01.


Role of probiotic as adjuvant in treating various infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis showed beneficial use of single strain probiotics as adjuvant therapy in eradicating H. pylori and the use of probiotics in UTI.