---
title: "Molecule & Pathway Index | Magellan Longevity"
description: "Every molecule and pathway page on Magellan Longevity — 180 entries, with natural food sources and cited research for the compounds behind them."
url: "https://magellanlongevity.com/m/index.md"
canonical: "https://magellanlongevity.com/m/"
html: "https://magellanlongevity.com/m/"
type: "molecule-index"
entries: 180
updated: 2026-08-11
author: "Gabriel Radu, DO"
author_credentials: "Physiatrist (PM&R). NY medical license 275110. NPI 1376861765."
publisher: "Magellan Longevity"
content_format: "markdown"
---

# Molecule and pathway index

[Home](https://magellanlongevity.com/) › Molecules

**HTML version:** https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ · **In the Magellan app:** https://magellanlongevity.com/#/mechanisms

## What these pages are

Each entry below is a compound, biomarker or biological pathway that Magellan Longevity grades and cites. A molecule page explains what the compound is, what the human evidence shows, where it occurs naturally, and which products are built on it — each linked to its primary PubMed citations. Grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of affiliate commissions. 180 molecule and pathway pages exist in total.

## Molecules with a full markdown twin

| Molecule | Evidence grade | Cited studies | Products |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Akkermansia muciniphila](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/akkermansia.md) | Emerging evidence | 14 | [Akkermansia muciniphila Probiotic](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/200.md) |
| [Beetroot / Dietary Nitrate](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/beetroot.md) | Moderate evidence | 24 | [Beetroot / Dietary Nitrate](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/202.md) |
| [Berberine HCl 500 mg (AMPK)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/berberine.md) | Moderate evidence | 18 | [Berberine HCl 500 mg (AMPK)](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/9.md) |
| [Blue-Light Management & Circadian Lighting](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/bluelight.md) | Emerging evidence | 22 | [SYB Clear Blue Light Glasses](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/58.md) |
| [Collagen Peptides](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/collagen.md) | Moderate evidence | 3 | — |
| [Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/coq10.md) | — | — | — |
| [Glutathione](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/glutathione.md) | Moderate evidence | 17 | [DaVinci Labs Glutathione Bright](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/20.md) |
| [Glycine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/glycine.md) | — | — | — |
| [GlyNAC (Glycine + N-Acetylcysteine)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/glynac.md) | Emerging evidence | 16 | [GlyNAC (Glycine + NAC)](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/198.md) |
| [Heart-Rate-Variability & Autonomic Tools](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/hrv.md) | — | 2 | — |
| [Inulin (Prebiotic Fiber)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/inulin.md) | Moderate evidence | 21 | [Inulin Prebiotic Fiber](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/201.md) |
| [Gut Microbiome Testing](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/microbiome.md) | — | 2 | — |
| [NAD⁺](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nad.md) | — | — | — |
| [Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nmn.md) | Moderate evidence | 34 | [Double Wood NMN Capsules](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/2.md), [Nutricost NMN Capsules 500mg](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/3.md) |
| [Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/omega3.md) | — | — | — |
| [PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/pqq.md) | — | — | — |
| [Probiotics](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/probiotics.md) | Moderate evidence | 24 | [Probiotic Multi-Strain (50B CFU)](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/199.md) |
| [Trans-Resveratrol](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/resveratrol.md) | Moderate evidence | 26 | [Purovitalis Liposomal Trans-Resveratrol](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/6.md) |
| [Spermidine (Wheat-Germ Extract)](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/spermidine.md) | Moderate evidence | 22 | [Spermidine (Wheat-Germ Extract)](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/7.md) |
| [Vitamin D](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/vitamind.md) | — | — | — |

## Compounds consolidated here

The compounds below have real, cited food-and-behaviour source data but not enough monograph text to support a page of their own, so their evidence is published here rather than split across thin pages. The HTML page for each remains the canonical version.

### Creatine — where it comes from without a bottle

Food, exercise and behaviour routes to the same pathway, each with its citation.

| Natural source | How it works | Citation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Red meat & fish | Creatine is abundant in animal protein; vegetarians (no dietary creatine) have lower muscle creatine stores. | Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004 [PMID 15673098](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15673098/) |
| Meat-containing (omnivorous) diet | A meat-containing diet keeps muscle phosphocreatine higher; meat/fish are the natural creatine source. | J Appl Physiol 2017 [PMID 28572496](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28572496/) |

#### What those papers actually say

1. **Red meat & fish**
   Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004 · [PMID 15673098](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15673098/) · [DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.517](https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.517)

   > Basal muscle total creatine content was lower in vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians.

2. **Meat-containing (omnivorous) diet**
   J Appl Physiol 2017 · [PMID 28572496](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28572496/) · [DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00248.2017](https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00248.2017)

   > vegetarians... but not omnivores, had significant increases in muscle PCr content... vegetarians responded better than omnivores.

Full page: [Creatine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/creatine.html)

### Fisetin — where it comes from without a bottle

Food, exercise and behaviour routes to the same pathway, each with its citation.

| Natural source | How it works | Citation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Strawberries, apples, persimmons, onions | Fisetin is a flavonol naturally found in these foods, with senolytic/antioxidant activity. | Nutrients 2026 [PMID 41683217](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41683217/) |

#### What those papers actually say

1. **Strawberries, apples, persimmons, onions**
   Nutrients 2026 · [PMID 41683217](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41683217/) · [DOI 10.3390/nu18030393](https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18030393)

   > Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid... found in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, apples, persimmons, and onions.

Full page: [Fisetin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/fisetin.html)

### Sulforaphane — where it comes from without a bottle

Food, exercise and behaviour routes to the same pathway, each with its citation.

| Natural source | How it works | Citation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Broccoli sprouts | Sulforaphane is generated from glucoraphanin by myrosinase in broccoli sprouts; activates Nrf2 antioxidant defenses. | Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019 [PMID 31049133](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31049133/) |
| Broccoli & cruciferous vegetables | Broccoli, especially young sprouts, is the richest dietary source and activates the KEAP1–NRF2 pathway in humans. | Trends Food Sci Technol 2017 [PMID 29242678](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29242678/) |

#### What those papers actually say

1. **Broccoli sprouts**
   Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019 · [PMID 31049133](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31049133/) · [DOI 10.1155/2019/3549274](https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3549274)

   > Sulforaphane is an active compound produced after conversion of glucoraphanin by the myrosinase enzyme in broccoli sprouts.

2. **Broccoli & cruciferous vegetables**
   Trends Food Sci Technol 2017 · [PMID 29242678](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29242678/) · [DOI 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.002)

   > Broccoli, especially as young sprouts, is a rich source of sulforaphane and broccoli-based preparations are now used in clinical studies.

Full page: [Sulforaphane](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/sulforaphane.html)

### Urolithin A — where it comes from without a bottle

Food, exercise and behaviour routes to the same pathway, each with its citation.

| Natural source | How it works | Citation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pomegranate (ellagitannins) | Your gut microbiome converts pomegranate punicalagin into urolithin A — the body makes it from the fruit. | Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023 [PMID 37335106](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37335106/) |
| Walnuts | Walnut ellagitannins are converted by gut bacteria into urolithins (output depends on your microbiome metabotype). | Nutrients 2019 [PMID 31623169](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623169/) |

#### What those papers actually say

1. **Pomegranate (ellagitannins)**
   Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023 · [PMID 37335106](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37335106/) · [DOI 10.1080/10408398.2023.2219763](https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2219763)

   > gut microbiota biotransform pomegranate phenolics into Uro... Uro contributes to strengthening intestinal barrier and reducing inflammatory processes.

2. **Walnuts**
   Nutrients 2019 · [PMID 31623169](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623169/) · [DOI 10.3390/nu11102483](https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102483)

   > Walnuts are rich in polyphenols ellagitannins, modulate gut microbiota... The metabolism of ellagitannins to urolithins via GM depends on urolithin metabotypes.

Full page: [Urolithin A](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/urolithina.html)

## Every other molecule and pathway page

156 further molecule, biomarker and pathway pages exist. They are listed by page slug — the full title, evidence grade and citations live on each page itself.

[2cachannel](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/2cachannel.html) · [acupuncture](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/acupuncture.html) · [alcar](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/alcar.html) · [amitriptyline](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/amitriptyline.html) · [ampk](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ampk.html) · [apigenin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/apigenin.html) · [apob](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/apob.html) · [apobtest](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/apobtest.html) · [arterialstiffness](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/arterialstiffness.html) · [aspirin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/aspirin.html) · [astaxanthin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/astaxanthin.html) · [atp](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/atp.html) · [autophagy](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/autophagy.html) · [baclofen](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/baclofen.html) · [bdnf](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/bdnf.html) · [bloodpressure](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/bloodpressure.html) · [bonedensity](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/bonedensity.html) · [botulinumtoxin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/botulinumtoxin.html) · [bupivacaine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/bupivacaine.html) · [buprenorphine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/buprenorphine.html) · [butyrate](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/butyrate.html) · [capsaicin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/capsaicin.html) · [carbamazepine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/carbamazepine.html) · [cb1cb2receptors](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/cb1cb2receptors.html) · [cbd](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/cbd.html) · [cbtmindbody](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/cbtmindbody.html) · [cd38](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/cd38.html) · [celecoxib](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/celecoxib.html) · [chlorine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/chlorine.html) · [clonidine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/clonidine.html) · [co](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/co.html) · [cortisol](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/cortisol.html) · [coxprostaglandins](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/coxprostaglandins.html) · [curcumin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/curcumin.html) · [cytcoxidase](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/cytcoxidase.html) · [descendinginhibition](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/descendinginhibition.html) · [dextromethorphan](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/dextromethorphan.html) · [dglucosamine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/dglucosamine.html) · [diazepam](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/diazepam.html) · [diclofenacgel](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/diclofenacgel.html) · [dnamethylation](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/dnamethylation.html) · [dnarepair](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/dnarepair.html) · [dorsalhorngate](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/dorsalhorngate.html) · [drgstimulation](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/drgstimulation.html) · [duloxetine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/duloxetine.html) · [endorphins](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/endorphins.html) · [endothelium](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/endothelium.html) · [epiduralsteroid](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/epiduralsteroid.html) · [epigeneticclock](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/epigeneticclock.html) · [exercise](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/exercise.html) · [exosomesvsel](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/exosomesvsel.html) · [fentanyl](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/fentanyl.html) · [fiber](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/fiber.html) · [gabapentin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/gabapentin.html) · [gabareceptors](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/gabareceptors.html) · [glucose](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/glucose.html) · [gripstrength](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/gripstrength.html) · [hba1c](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/hba1c.html) · [heavymetals](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/heavymetals.html) · [homocysteine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/homocysteine.html) · [hscrp](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/hscrp.html) · [humidity](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/humidity.html) · [hyaluronicacid](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/hyaluronicacid.html) · [hydromorphone](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/hydromorphone.html) · [hyperbaricoxygen](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/hyperbaricoxygen.html) · [ibuprofen](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ibuprofen.html) · [iggglycans](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/iggglycans.html) · [inflammaging](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/inflammaging.html) · [ketamine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ketamine.html) · [kg](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/kg.html) · [ldl](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ldl.html) · [lidocaine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/lidocaine.html) · [lipidpanel](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/lipidpanel.html) · [lipoicacid](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/lipoicacid.html) · [lowdoselithium](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/lowdoselithium.html) · [lowdosenaltrexone](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/lowdosenaltrexone.html) · [lp](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/lp.html) · [magnesium](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/magnesium.html) · [medialbranchblock](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/medialbranchblock.html) · [melatonin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/melatonin.html) · [memantine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/memantine.html) · [memory](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/memory.html) · [menthol](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/menthol.html) · [methadone](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/methadone.html) · [methylfolate](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/methylfolate.html) · [mexiletine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/mexiletine.html) · [mglthreonate](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/mglthreonate.html) · [milnacipran](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/milnacipran.html) · [mitochondria](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/mitochondria.html) · [morphine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/morphine.html) · [mtor](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/mtor.html) · [myoinositol](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/myoinositol.html) · [myostatin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/myostatin.html) · [nabiximols](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nabiximols.html) · [nac](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nac.html) · [nachannels](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nachannels.html) · [nadlevel](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nadlevel.html) · [naproxen](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/naproxen.html) · [nerveblock](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nerveblock.html) · [neuroprotection](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/neuroprotection.html) · [nitricoxide](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nitricoxide.html) · [nmdareceptor](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nmdareceptor.html) · [nociceptortarget](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nociceptortarget.html) · [nortriptyline](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nortriptyline.html) · [nr](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nr.html) · [nrf2](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/nrf2.html) · [opioidreceptor](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/opioidreceptor.html) · [oxcarbazepine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/oxcarbazepine.html) · [oxycodone](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/oxycodone.html) · [paincontrol](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/paincontrol.html) · [parp](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/parp.html) · [pea](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/pea.html) · [pemf](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/pemf.html) · [peripheralnervestim](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/peripheralnervestim.html) · [plateletrichplasma](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/plateletrichplasma.html) · [pm25](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/pm25.html) · [power](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/power.html) · [pregabalin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/pregabalin.html) · [processingspeed](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/processingspeed.html) · [pterostilbene](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/pterostilbene.html) · [quercetin](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/quercetin.html) · [radiofrequencyablation](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/radiofrequencyablation.html) · [retinoid](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/retinoid.html) · [ros](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ros.html) · [satellitecells](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/satellitecells.html) · [senescentcells](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/senescentcells.html) · [senolytics](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/senolytics.html) · [sirt1](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/sirt1.html) · [sirt3](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/sirt3.html) · [skeletalmuscle](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/skeletalmuscle.html) · [sleep](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/sleep.html) · [spinalcordstim](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/spinalcordstim.html) · [suzetrigine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/suzetrigine.html) · [synapses](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/synapses.html) · [tapentadol](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/tapentadol.html) · [telomerase](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/telomerase.html) · [telomeres](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/telomeres.html) · [tens](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/tens.html) · [tetenzymes](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/tetenzymes.html) · [thc](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/thc.html) · [tizanidine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/tizanidine.html) · [tmg](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/tmg.html) · [tramadol](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/tramadol.html) · [triggerpointinjection](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/triggerpointinjection.html) · [trpv1trpm8](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/trpv1trpm8.html) · [typeiifibers](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/typeiifibers.html) · [ulk1](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ulk1.html) · [uv](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/uv.html) · [venlafaxine](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/venlafaxine.html) · [vitaminc](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/vitaminc.html) · [vitamink2](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/vitamink2.html) · [vitc](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/vitc.html) · [vocs](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/vocs.html) · [vomax](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/vomax.html) · [weightloss](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/weightloss.html) · [ziconotide](https://magellanlongevity.com/m/ziconotide.html)

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## Related on Magellan Longevity

- [Evidence-based longevity supplements](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-supplements.md)
- [Longevity research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html)
- [Pathway universe](https://magellanlongevity.com/pathway-universe.html)
- [Nutraceuticals & Cellular Energizers](https://magellanlongevity.com/c/1.md)
- [Diagnostics & Epigenetic Tests](https://magellanlongevity.com/c/2.md)
- [Air, Water & Sleep Systems](https://magellanlongevity.com/c/3.md)

## Scope and disclosures

Educational information, not medical advice. Nothing here is intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Talk to your physician before starting any supplement or device, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medication.

Editorial firewall: evidence grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of any affiliate commission. As an Amazon Associate, Magellan Longevity earns from qualifying purchases.

Reviewed for accuracy by a board-certified physician (DO).