--- title: "Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on…" description: "Daily PQQ supplementation improved multiple aspects of cognitive function in healthy middle-aged to elderly individuals over 12 weeks." url: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.md" canonical: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.html" html: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.html" type: "study" study_key: "d34415830" journal: "J Am Nutr Assoc" year: 2021 pmid: "34415830" doi: "10.1080/07315724.2021.1962770" citations: 1 updated: 2026-09-02 author: "Gabriel Radu, DO" author_credentials: "Physiatrist (PM&R). NY medical license 275110. NPI 1376861765." publisher: "Magellan Longevity" content_format: "markdown" --- # Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers [Home](https://magellanlongevity.com/) › [Research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html) › Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt… **HTML version:** https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.html · **In the Magellan app:** https://magellanlongevity.com/#/study/d34415830 ## Citation | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | Journal | J Am Nutr Assoc | | Year | 2021 | | PMID | [34415830](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34415830/) | | DOI | [10.1080/07315724.2021.1962770](https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1962770) | | Study key | d34415830 | ## Takeaway Daily PQQ supplementation improved multiple aspects of cognitive function in healthy middle-aged to elderly individuals over 12 weeks. ## The question Does daily supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (mnemoPQQ®) improve cognitive function in healthy middle-aged to elderly Japanese volunteers? ## Hypothesis Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt will improve cognitive function, including memory, attention, judgment, and cognitive flexibility, in healthy middle-aged to elderly individuals due to its antioxidant activity and effects on mitochondrial activation, nerve cell protection, and amyloid β suppression. ## Methods This was a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical investigation. 64 healthy Japanese male and female volunteers aged 40 to less than 80 years were randomly assigned to receive either 21.5 mg/day of mnemoPQQ® or a placebo. Cognitive performance was assessed using Cognitrax as the primary outcome, and the forgetfulness questionnaire (DECO) and Mini-Mental State Examination-Japanese (MMSE-J) as secondary outcomes. ## Results 58 subjects completed the study (31 placebo, 27 mnemoPQQ®). The mnemoPQQ® group showed significant improvements in Cognitrax's cognitive function domain scores for "composite memory", "verbal memory", "reaction time", "complex attention", "cognitive flexibility", "executive function", and "motor speed" compared to the placebo group. DECO and MMSE-J scores also significantly improved in the mnemoPQQ® group. No adverse events were observed. ## Conclusion Supplementation with PQQ disodium salt is useful for improving memory, attention, judgment, and overall cognitive function in middle-aged to elderly individuals who perceive age-related forgetfulness. ## Limitations The abstract does not explicitly state any limitations of the study. ## Verbatim from the abstract > PQQ improves diverse functions which include mitochondrial activation, growth, repair ## Study Completion by Group | Measure | Number of Subjects | | --- | --- | | Placebo | 31 | | mnemoPQQ® | 27 | *Number of subjects who completed the 12-week study in each group.* ## Where this study is used on Magellan This paper is one of the citations behind the evidence grade on the pages below. Grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of affiliate commissions. | Compound or device | Evidence grade | Graded pages | | --- | --- | --- | | PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) | Moderate evidence | [PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/122.md) | ## Reference 1. **Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers** J Am Nutr Assoc 2021 · [PMID 34415830](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34415830/) · [DOI 10.1080/07315724.2021.1962770](https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1962770) > PQQ improves diverse functions which include mitochondrial activation, growth, repair ## Structured data ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"MedicalWebPage","@id":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.html#page","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.html","name":"Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers","description":"Daily PQQ supplementation improved multiple aspects of cognitive function in healthy middle-aged to elderly individuals over 12 weeks.","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":{"@type":"WebSite","name":"Magellan Longevity","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Gabriel Radu, DO","jobTitle":"Physiatrist (PM&R)","identifier":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"NPI","value":"1376861765"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"NY medical license","value":"275110"}]},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Magellan Longevity","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},"encoding":{"@type":"MediaObject","encodingFormat":"text/markdown","contentUrl":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.md"},"dateModified":"2026-09-02"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research map","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt…","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.html"}]},{"@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d34415830.html#study","name":"Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers","headline":"Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers","datePublished":"2021","isPartOf":{"@type":"Periodical","name":"J Am Nutr Assoc"},"identifier":"PMID:34415830","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34415830/","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1962770","abstract":"Daily PQQ supplementation improved multiple aspects of cognitive function in healthy middle-aged to elderly individuals over 12 weeks."}]} ``` ## Related on Magellan Longevity - [PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/122.md) — product graded on this and related evidence - [Evidence: promotes mitochondrial biogenesis](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s122.md) - [Longevity research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html) - [Evidence-based longevity supplements](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-supplements.md) ## Scope and disclosures Educational information, not medical advice. Nothing here is intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Talk to your physician before starting any supplement or device, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medication. Editorial firewall: evidence grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of any affiliate commission. As an Amazon Associate, Magellan Longevity earns from qualifying purchases. Reviewed for accuracy by a board-certified physician (DO).