---
title: "Inflammation, Cholesterol, Lipoprotein(a), and 30-Year…"
description: "Measuring inflammation and cholesterol markers can predict long-term cardiovascular risk in women, supporting earlier and longer-term prevention…"
url: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d39216091.md"
canonical: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d39216091.html"
html: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d39216091.html"
type: "study"
study_key: "d39216091"
journal: "N Engl J Med"
year: 2024
pmid: "39216091"
doi: "10.1056/NEJMoa2405182"
citations: 1
updated: 2026-09-02
author: "Gabriel Radu, DO"
author_credentials: "Physiatrist (PM&R). NY medical license 275110. NPI 1376861765."
publisher: "Magellan Longevity"
content_format: "markdown"
---

# Inflammation, Cholesterol, Lipoprotein(a), and 30-Year Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women

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## Citation

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Journal | N Engl J Med |
| Year | 2024 |
| PMID | [39216091](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39216091/) |
| DOI | [10.1056/NEJMoa2405182](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2405182) |
| Study key | d39216091 |

## Takeaway

Measuring inflammation and cholesterol markers can predict long-term cardiovascular risk in women, supporting earlier and longer-term prevention strategies.

## The question

How useful are high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) levels for predicting cardiovascular risk over 30 years in women?

## Hypothesis

The study aimed to determine if baseline levels of high-sensitivity CRP, LDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) can predict long-term cardiovascular risk in women, given their established utility in shorter-term predictions and the importance of early-life intervention.

## Methods

This study measured baseline levels of high-sensitivity CRP, LDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) in 27,939 initially healthy U.S. women, who were then followed for 30 years. The primary end point was a first major adverse cardiovascular event, a composite of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, or cardiovascular death. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated across quintiles of each biomarker, along with 30-year cumulative incidence curves adjusted for age and competing risks.

## Results

During 30 years, 3662 first major cardiovascular events occurred among participants with a mean baseline age of 54.7 years. Increasing baseline levels across quintiles of high-sensitivity CRP, LDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) all predicted 30-year risks. The adjusted hazard ratios for the primary end point comparing the top to the bottom quintile were 1.70 for high-sensitivity CRP, 1.36 for LDL cholesterol, and 1.33 for lipoprotein(a). Each biomarker independently contributed to overall risk, and models combining all three biomarkers showed the greatest risk spread.

## Conclusion

A single combined measure of high-sensitivity CRP, LDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) levels at baseline in initially healthy U.S. women is predictive of incident cardiovascular events over a 30-year period. These findings support extending primary prevention strategies for atherosclerotic events beyond traditional 10-year risk estimates.

## Limitations

The abstract does not explicitly state limitations of the study.

## Verbatim from the abstract

> adjusted hazard ratio 1.70 for high-sensitivity CRP over 30 years

## Adjusted Hazard Ratios for 30-Year Cardiovascular Events (Top vs. Bottom Quintile)

| Measure | Hazard Ratio |
| --- | --- |
| High-sensitivity CRP | 1.7 |
| LDL Cholesterol | 1.36 |
| Lipoprotein(a) | 1.33 |

*Hazard ratios for a first major adverse cardiovascular event over 30 years, comparing the top quintile to the bottom quintile for each biomarker.*

## Where this study is used on Magellan

This paper is one of the citations behind the evidence grade on the pages below. Grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of affiliate commissions.

| Compound or device | Evidence grade | Graded pages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| hs-CRP Inflammation Test | Measurement tool | [hs-CRP Inflammation Test](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/142.md) |

## Reference

1. **Inflammation, Cholesterol, Lipoprotein(a), and 30-Year Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women**
   N Engl J Med 2024 · [PMID 39216091](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39216091/) · [DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2405182](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2405182)

   > adjusted hazard ratio 1.70 for high-sensitivity CRP over 30 years

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## Related on Magellan Longevity

- [hs-CRP Inflammation Test](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/142.md) — product graded on this and related evidence
- [Evidence: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s142.md)
- [C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular…](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d10733371.md)
- [Longevity research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html)
- [Evidence-based longevity supplements](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-supplements.md)

## Scope and disclosures

Educational information, not medical advice. Nothing here is intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Talk to your physician before starting any supplement or device, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medication.

Editorial firewall: evidence grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of any affiliate commission. As an Amazon Associate, Magellan Longevity earns from qualifying purchases.

Reviewed for accuracy by a board-certified physician (DO).