--- title: "Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction" description: "Resistance and mixed training improve muscle strength and gait speed in older adults with sarcopenia, while all three training types improve TUG times." url: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.md" canonical: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.html" html: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.html" type: "study" study_key: "s161" journal: "BMC Geriatr" year: 2021 pmid: "34911483" doi: "10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8" citations: 1 updated: 2026-09-02 author: "Gabriel Radu, DO" author_credentials: "Physiatrist (PM&R). NY medical license 275110. NPI 1376861765." publisher: "Magellan Longevity" content_format: "markdown" --- # Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction [Home](https://magellanlongevity.com/) › [Research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html) › Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction **HTML version:** https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.html · **In the Magellan app:** https://magellanlongevity.com/#/study/s161 ## Citation | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | Journal | BMC Geriatr | | Year | 2021 | | PMID | [34911483](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911483/) | | DOI | [10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8) | | Study key | s161 | ## Takeaway Resistance and mixed training improve muscle strength and gait speed in older adults with sarcopenia, while all three training types improve TUG times. ## The question What are the effects of different exercise modes (resistance training [RT], whole body vibration training [WBVT], and mixed training [MT]) on muscle strength (knee extension strength [KES]) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go [TUG], gait speed [GS], and Chair Stand [CS]) in older people with sarcopenia? ## Hypothesis The study aimed to clarify the effects of different exercise modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia, implying an investigation into whether these modes would lead to improvements. ## Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, retrieving studies published from January 2010 to March 2021 from six electronic databases. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated studies. Pooled analyses for pre- and post-outcome measurements were performed using Review Manager 5.4 with standardized mean differences (SMDs) and fixed-effect models. ## Results Twenty-six studies, including 1191 older people with sarcopenia, were analyzed. Compared to control, RT and MT significantly improved KES (RT: SMD = 1.36; MT: SMD = 0.62) and GS (RT: SMD = 2.01; MT: SMD = 0.69). WBVT showed no changes in KES (SMD = 0.65) or GS (SMD = 0.12). TUG times were significantly improved with all exercise training modes (SMD = -0.66). There were no changes in CS times with any exercise training modes (SMD = 0.11). ## Conclusion In older people with sarcopenia, KES and GS can be improved by resistance training and mixed training, but not by whole body vibration training. All three training modes improved TUG times, but none improved Chair Stand times. ## Limitations The abstract does not explicitly state limitations of the systematic review and meta-analysis itself, beyond the inherent variability indicated by I values for some outcomes. ## Verbatim from the abstract > effects of exercise on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia ## Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) for Exercise Modes on Outcomes | Measure | Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) | | --- | --- | | RT - KES | 1.36 | | MT - KES | 0.62 | | WBVT - KES | 0.65 | | RT - GS | 2.01 | | MT - GS | 0.69 | | WBVT - GS | 0.12 | | All Modes - TUG | -0.66 | | All Modes - CS | 0.11 | *Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) for Knee Extension Strength (KES), Gait Speed (GS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Chair Stand (CS) across different exercise training modes (Resistance Training [RT], Mixed Training [MT], Whole Body Vibration Training [WBVT]). Positive SMD indicates improvement for KES and GS, while negative SMD indicates improvement for TUG (as it's a time measurement).* ## Where this study is used on Magellan This paper is one of the citations behind the evidence grade on the pages below. Grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of affiliate commissions. | Compound or device | Evidence grade | Graded pages | | --- | --- | --- | | Whole-Body Vibration Plate | Moderate evidence | [Whole-Body Vibration Plate](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/161.md) | ## Reference 1. **Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction** BMC Geriatr 2021 · [PMID 34911483](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911483/) · [DOI 10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8) > effects of exercise on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia ## Structured data ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"MedicalWebPage","@id":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.html#page","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.html","name":"Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction","description":"Resistance and mixed training improve muscle strength and gait speed in older adults with sarcopenia, while all three training types improve TUG times.","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":{"@type":"WebSite","name":"Magellan Longevity","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Gabriel Radu, DO","jobTitle":"Physiatrist (PM&R)","identifier":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"NPI","value":"1376861765"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"NY medical license","value":"275110"}]},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Magellan Longevity","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},"encoding":{"@type":"MediaObject","encodingFormat":"text/markdown","contentUrl":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.md"},"dateModified":"2026-09-02"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research map","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.html"}]},{"@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s161.html#study","name":"Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction","headline":"Evidence: vibration-driven muscle contraction","datePublished":"2021","isPartOf":{"@type":"Periodical","name":"BMC Geriatr"},"identifier":"PMID:34911483","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911483/","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8","abstract":"Resistance and mixed training improve muscle strength and gait speed in older adults with sarcopenia, while all three training types improve TUG times."}]} ``` ## Related on Magellan Longevity - [Whole-Body Vibration Plate](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/161.md) — product graded on this and related evidence - [Effects of 12-week whole-body vibration training versus resistance training in older…](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d40011687.md) - [Whole-body vibration on skeletal muscle mass index, physical fitness, and quality of…](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d29343219.md) - [Longevity research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html) - [Evidence-based longevity supplements](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-supplements.md) ## Scope and disclosures Educational information, not medical advice. Nothing here is intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Talk to your physician before starting any supplement or device, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medication. Editorial firewall: evidence grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of any affiliate commission. As an Amazon Associate, Magellan Longevity earns from qualifying purchases. Reviewed for accuracy by a board-certified physician (DO).