--- title: "Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and…" description: "Lower heart rate variability is linked to a higher risk of death and cardiovascular problems in people with heart disease." url: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.md" canonical: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.html" html: "https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.html" type: "study" study_key: "x13" journal: "Biol Res Nurs" year: 2019 pmid: "31558032" doi: "10.1177/1099800419877442" citations: 1 updated: 2026-09-02 author: "Gabriel Radu, DO" author_credentials: "Physiatrist (PM&R). NY medical license 275110. NPI 1376861765." publisher: "Magellan Longevity" content_format: "markdown" --- # Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis [Home](https://magellanlongevity.com/) › [Research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html) › Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and… **HTML version:** https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.html · **In the Magellan app:** https://magellanlongevity.com/#/study/x13 ## Citation | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | Journal | Biol Res Nurs | | Year | 2019 | | PMID | [31558032](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31558032/) | | DOI | [10.1177/1099800419877442](https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800419877442) | | Study key | x13 | ## Takeaway Lower heart rate variability is linked to a higher risk of death and cardiovascular problems in people with heart disease. ## The question What is the association between heart rate variability (HRV) and the risk of all-cause death or cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD)? ## Hypothesis Lower heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. ## Methods A meta-analysis of 28 cohort studies involving 3,094 participants was conducted. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched to extract adjusted hazard ratios (HR) from eligible studies with a follow-up of at least 1 year. ## Results Lower HRV was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death (pooled HR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.72, 3.00) and cardiovascular events (pooled HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.72). Subgroup analysis showed a significant pooled HR for all-cause death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but not heart failure. For cardiovascular events, the pooled HR was significant for patients with AMI and acute coronary syndrome, but not for those with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Both time and frequency domains of HRV were significantly associated with risk. ## Conclusion Lower heart rate variability is significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly in those with acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome. ## Limitations The abstract does not explicitly state limitations of the meta-analysis. ## Verbatim from the abstract > lower heart rate variability was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events ## Association of Lower HRV with Risk of All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events | Measure | Pooled Hazard Ratio | | --- | --- | | All-Cause Death | 2.27 | | Cardiovascular Events | 1.41 | *Pooled Hazard Ratios indicate the increased risk associated with lower heart rate variability.* ## Where this study is used on Magellan This paper is one of the citations behind the evidence grade on the pages below. Grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of affiliate commissions. | Compound or device | Evidence grade | Graded pages | | --- | --- | --- | | Biometric Wearables (Sleep, HRV & Recovery) | Measurement tool | [Garmin Forerunner 265](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/65.md), [Oura Ring Gen 4](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/61.md), [Apple Watch Series 11](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/63.md) | | Heart-Rate-Variability & Autonomic Tools | — | — | ## Reference 1. **Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis** Biol Res Nurs 2019 · [PMID 31558032](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31558032/) · [DOI 10.1177/1099800419877442](https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800419877442) > lower heart rate variability was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events ## Structured data ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"MedicalWebPage","@id":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.html#page","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.html","name":"Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular…","description":"Lower heart rate variability is linked to a higher risk of death and cardiovascular problems in people with heart disease.","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":{"@type":"WebSite","name":"Magellan Longevity","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Gabriel Radu, DO","jobTitle":"Physiatrist (PM&R)","identifier":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"NPI","value":"1376861765"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"NY medical license","value":"275110"}]},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Magellan Longevity","url":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},"encoding":{"@type":"MediaObject","encodingFormat":"text/markdown","contentUrl":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.md"},"dateModified":"2026-09-02"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research map","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and…","item":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.html"}]},{"@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://magellanlongevity.com/study/x13.html#study","name":"Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis","headline":"Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular…","datePublished":"2019","isPartOf":{"@type":"Periodical","name":"Biol Res Nurs"},"identifier":"PMID:31558032","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31558032/","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800419877442","abstract":"Lower heart rate variability is linked to a higher risk of death and cardiovascular problems in people with heart disease."}]} ``` ## Related on Magellan Longevity - [Garmin Forerunner 265](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/65.md) — product graded on this and related evidence - [Oura Ring Gen 4](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/61.md) — product graded on this and related evidence - [Apple Watch Series 11](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/63.md) — product graded on this and related evidence - [WHOOP Band 5.0](https://magellanlongevity.com/p/62.md) — product graded on this and related evidence - [The impact of visit-to-visit heart rate variability on all-cause mortality](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/hrv.md) - [Sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/sleep_mortality.md) - [Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d28286137.md) - [Long-term Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A…](https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d27444976.md) - [Longevity research map](https://magellanlongevity.com/longevity-research-map.html) ## Scope and disclosures Educational information, not medical advice. Nothing here is intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Talk to your physician before starting any supplement or device, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medication. Editorial firewall: evidence grades are assigned from the published research and are independent of any affiliate commission. As an Amazon Associate, Magellan Longevity earns from qualifying purchases. Reviewed for accuracy by a board-certified physician (DO).