What are the effects of high intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training (H-IMT) on cardiovascular, pulmonary, physical, and psychosocial functions in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
Inspiratory Muscle Strength Trainer, a randomized controlled trial (Heart Lung 2023, PMID 37285766) — high intensity inspiratory muscle training improves multiple health markers in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Scope: over 8 weeks, and the abstract states no limitations.
Source: Heart Lung 2023, PMID 37285766 ↗ · Research map · How Magellan grades evidence · evidence confidence: low
Heart Lung · 2023 · PMID 37285766 · DOI 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.05.011
High intensity inspiratory muscle training improves multiple health markers in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.
The question
What are the effects of high intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training (H-IMT) on cardiovascular, pulmonary, physical, and psychosocial functions in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
What they tested
The study hypothesized that determining the most appropriate IMT protocol, specifically high intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training, would optimize training benefits in patients with heart failure.
How they did it
Thirty-four HFrEF patients were randomized to either an H-IMT group or a control group for 8 weeks, 3 days/week. The H-IMT group trained at 70% of maximal inspiratory pressure, while the control group performed unloaded IMT. Each session involved 7 sets of 2-min training and 1-min interval, totaling 21 minutes. Various cardiovascular, pulmonary, physical, and psychosocial functions were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks by blinded assessors.
What they found
Statistically significant between-group differences favoring the H-IMT group were observed in time domain parameters of heart rate variability, arterial stiffness, inspiratory and quadriceps muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, diaphragm thickness, functional capacity, frailty, dyspnea, fatigue, and disease-specific health-related quality of life.
What it means
High intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training (H-IMT) is an effective protocol for improving cardiac autonomic function, arterial stiffness, inspiratory and quadriceps muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, diaphragm thickness, functional capacity, frailty, dyspnea, fatigue, and disease-specific quality of life in patients with HFrEF.
Limitations
The abstract does not explicitly state any limitations of the study.
Where the published abstract does not list limitations, we say so rather than inventing them. Read the full paper on PubMed before drawing conclusions.
The paper at a glance
| Title | Effects of high intensity inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial |
|---|---|
| Journal | Heart Lung |
| Year | 2023 |
| PMID | 37285766 ↗ |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.05.011 ↗ |
| Topic | Cardiovascular & vascular aging |
Read the source: PubMed record (authors, abstract, full citation) ↗ · Publisher via doi.org ↗
Where Magellan uses this paper
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Inspiratory Muscle Strength Trainer
In randomized trials, most prominently sham-controlled work from the University of Colorado in midlife and older adults, about six weeks of high-resistance IMST performed a few minutes a day lowered systolic blood pressure by roughly 9 mmHg and improved vascular endothelial function, with much of the effect…
An inspiratory muscle strength trainer is a small handheld device that imposes a high resistance on…
Research describes the compound or intervention studied. It is not a claim about any specific product.
Molecules & mechanisms in this paper
Each of these is named in the paper’s own words above. Open the monograph for the full mechanism and its other citations.
Cite this page
These citations point at this summary. To cite the original paper with its full author list, use the PubMed record or doi.org.
Magellan Longevity. (2026). What are the effects of high intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training (H-IMT) on cardiovascular, pulmonary, physical, and psychosocial functions in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)? [Plain-English summary of Heart Lung 2023, PMID 37285766, DOI 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.05.011]. Magellan Longevity. https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d37285766.html@misc{magellan_d37285766,
title = {What are the effects of high intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training (H-IMT) on cardiovascular, pulmonary, physical, and psychosocial functions in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?},
author = {{Magellan Longevity}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://magellanlongevity.com/study/d37285766.html}},
note = {Plain-English summary of PubMed PMID 37285766; DOI 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.05.011; Heart Lung 2023. Reviewed by Gabriel Radu, DO},
urldate = {2026-08-11}
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