The peppery bite at the back of a good extra-virgin olive oil is the polyphenol content announcing itself — and this is the dish that shows it off.

The peppery catch at the back of your throat from a good extra-virgin olive oil is its polyphenol content making itself known. Those compounds are part of why Mediterranean-style eating has held up under study: a PREDIMED substudy found that polyphenol intake from a Mediterranean diet lowered inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis (British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2017), and the Spanish cohort within EPIC reported lower mortality among closer followers of the pattern (British Journal of Nutrition, 2011). Those are findings about a whole way of eating, not proof that one dish does the work.
The practical limit is that these polyphenols do not survive heat or long storage well, so the most useful thing you can do with a good bottle is pour it over food cold and fresh. Bruschetta is close to the ideal vehicle: raw tomatoes, charred bread, and oil that never sees the pan.
Every step here protects the oil. The tomatoes are drained in a sieve first, because tomato water would thin the oil and soak the toast; those ten minutes are what keep the bread crisp under a generous pour. The bread is charred rather than fried, so the heat stays in the bread and out of the oil. Rubbing the cut garlic across the hot surface leaves a trace of raw garlic without cooking it, and the basil is torn and added off the heat for the same reason. The oil goes on last, at room temperature, in a quantity you would never use for cooking.

Shop for olive oil the way you would for something perishable: dark glass or a tin, a harvest date on the label, and a taste that bites a little at the back of the throat. Store it in a cupboard, not beside the stove, and finish it within a few months of opening — light and heat take the polyphenols first. Keep a cheaper oil for the pan, and treat this as a habit layered on top of medical care, not a substitute for it.
Calculated for one serving from USDA FoodData Central values for the ingredients above. An estimate, not a lab analysis.
How this was calculated. Each ingredient was converted to grams, matched to a food in USDA FoodData Central (SR Legacy, April 2018), summed, and divided by 4 servings. Cooking losses, draining and the real size of a handful all move these numbers, so treat them as a good estimate rather than a measurement. Added sugars count honey, maple syrup and table sugar only; sugar from whole fruit is not an added sugar.
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Primary sources for the claims above. Effects reported in these papers describe the compound or the dietary pattern studied — not this specific dish.
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