What is the association between the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, CVD incidence, and all-cause mortality?
Cardiovasc Diabetol · 2025 · PMID 40750895 · DOI 10.1186/s12933-025-02835-0
Higher CTI levels are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, particularly in individuals without diabetes.
The question
What is the association between the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, CVD incidence, and all-cause mortality?
What they tested
The study hypothesized that CTI, an innovative composite marker for metabolic-inflammatory dysregulation, would be associated with CVD mortality, CVD incidence, and all-cause mortality.
How they did it
This study analyzed data from 8,679 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2010, 2015-2018. The CTI was calculated as 0.412* Ln (CRP [mg/L]) + Ln (TG [mg/dl] FPG [mg/dl])/2, and participants were divided into quartiles. Kaplan-Meier curves, cox proportional hazards models, logistic regression analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to assess associations across sex-stratified, age-specific, and glycemic subgroups.
What they found
CTI was significantly and positively associated with CVD mortality, total CVD incidence, and all-cause mortality. CTI predicted CVD mortality (HR 2.28) and all-cause mortality (HR 2.14). The CTI index correlated with the risk of total CVD (OR 2.85), congestive heart failure (OR 3.66), coronary heart disease (OR 2.82), angina pectoris (OR 2.85), heart attack (OR 2.59), and stroke (OR 2.86). The association was similar across sexes and age groups, but high CTI was linked to increased CVD risk only in individuals without diabetes mellitus.
| CVD Mortality (HR) | 2.28 | |
|---|---|---|
| All-cause Mortality (HR) | 2.14 | |
| Total CVD Incidence (OR) | 2.85 | |
| Congestive Heart Failure (OR) | 3.66 | |
| Coronary Heart Disease (OR) | 2.82 | |
| Angina Pectoris (OR) | 2.85 | |
| Heart Attack (OR) | 2.59 | |
| Stroke (OR) | 2.86 |
Hazard Ratios (HR) and Odds Ratios (OR) for various cardiovascular outcomes associated with CTI.
What it means
Elevated CTI levels are significantly associated with CVD incidence and mortality, suggesting CTI could be a unique predictive marker for CVD risk.
Limitations
The association between high CTI and increased CVD risk was not observed in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
The paper at a glance
| Magellan’s evidence label | High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (our label for this citation — see PubMed for the paper’s own title and authors) |
|---|---|
| Journal | Cardiovasc Diabetol |
| Year | 2025 |
| PMID | 40750895 ↗ |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12933-025-02835-0 ↗ |
| Topic | Immunity, inflammation & resilience |
Read the source: PubMed record (authors, abstract, full citation) ↗ · Publisher via doi.org ↗
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hs-CRP Inflammation Test
Across large prospective cohorts and meta-analyses, higher hs-CRP is consistently associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular and non-vascular mortality, and with aging-related states such as frailty and dementia;
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a blood test that measures very low concentrations of…
Research describes the compound or intervention studied. It is not a claim about any specific product.
Molecules & mechanisms in this paper
Each of these is named in the paper’s own words above. Open the monograph for the full mechanism and its other citations.
Cite this page
These citations point at this summary. To cite the original paper with its full author list, use the PubMed record or doi.org.
Magellan Longevity. (2026). What is the association between the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, CVD incidence, and all-cause mortality? [Plain-English summary of Cardiovasc Diabetol 2025, PMID 40750895, DOI 10.1186/s12933-025-02835-0]. Magellan Longevity. https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s142.html@misc{magellan_s142,
title = {What is the association between the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, CVD incidence, and all-cause mortality?},
author = {{Magellan Longevity}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://magellanlongevity.com/study/s142.html}},
note = {Plain-English summary of PubMed PMID 40750895; DOI 10.1186/s12933-025-02835-0; Cardiovasc Diabetol 2025. Reviewed by Gabriel Radu, DO},
urldate = {2026-08-11}
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